Selina Textbook Solutions: Recording of Weather | Geography Class 7 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Recording of Weather 
Discuss 
How are dew drops beneficial for plants ? 
Answer: 
In the early morning dew surrounds the leaves of plant with moisture and plant does not 
close its stomata. 
EXERCISES 
A. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
What is relative humidity? How does it differ from absolute humidity ? 
Answer: 
Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and 
the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage. 
While absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic metre. 
Question 2. 
What does a large difference between the temperatures of a dry bulb thermometer and 
a wet bulb thermometer of a hygrometer indicate? 
Answer: 
A large difference between the readings of the two thermometers means low relative 
humidity and a small difference between them means high relative humidity. 
Question 3. 
Differentiate between precipitation and condensation. Give one example of each. 
Answer: 
Condensation – Dew is a form of condensation. Condensation is the process by which 
water vapour in the air gets converted into tiny droplets of water or ice. Dew formsin 
winters when the temperature is very low but not below 0°C. Moist air comes in contact 
with the cold surfaces near the ground. The water vapour in the air changes to water 
and we see it as dew drops on grass or on plants. Dew drops are beneficial for plants. 
Precipitation – Precipitation is the falling of atmospheric moisture as a result of 
condensation. It has many forms such as rainfall, snowfall, and hail. 
Question 4. 
What are nimbus clouds? 
Answer: 
Nimbus are real rain clouds-thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause 
continuous rain or snow. 
Page 2


Recording of Weather 
Discuss 
How are dew drops beneficial for plants ? 
Answer: 
In the early morning dew surrounds the leaves of plant with moisture and plant does not 
close its stomata. 
EXERCISES 
A. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
What is relative humidity? How does it differ from absolute humidity ? 
Answer: 
Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and 
the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage. 
While absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic metre. 
Question 2. 
What does a large difference between the temperatures of a dry bulb thermometer and 
a wet bulb thermometer of a hygrometer indicate? 
Answer: 
A large difference between the readings of the two thermometers means low relative 
humidity and a small difference between them means high relative humidity. 
Question 3. 
Differentiate between precipitation and condensation. Give one example of each. 
Answer: 
Condensation – Dew is a form of condensation. Condensation is the process by which 
water vapour in the air gets converted into tiny droplets of water or ice. Dew formsin 
winters when the temperature is very low but not below 0°C. Moist air comes in contact 
with the cold surfaces near the ground. The water vapour in the air changes to water 
and we see it as dew drops on grass or on plants. Dew drops are beneficial for plants. 
Precipitation – Precipitation is the falling of atmospheric moisture as a result of 
condensation. It has many forms such as rainfall, snowfall, and hail. 
Question 4. 
What are nimbus clouds? 
Answer: 
Nimbus are real rain clouds-thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause 
continuous rain or snow. 
Question 5. 
What is the Beaufort scale? 
Answer: 
Beaufort scale is the scale that is used to estimate wind speed. The scale is based on 
the effect of the wind at different speeds. 
B. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs 
Question 1. 
What is a hygrometer ? 
Answer: 
The instrument used for measuring relative humidity is called hygrometer. The 
hygrometer consists of wet and dry bulb thermometer. The dry bulb thermometer is an 
ordinary thermometer while the wet bulb thermometer is kept wet by a wick that dips 
into a container of distilled water. The wet bulb thermometer shows the lower 
temperature than the actual temperature as evaporation from the moist wick has a 
cooling effect. A larger difference between readings of two thermometers means low 
relative humidity and small difference means high relative humidity. 
Question 2. 
Describe the various types of clouds. 
Answer: 
The four types of clouds are : 
(a) Cirrus clouds — These are feathery, fibrous clouds which form at very high levels 
of 5 to 10 km. They consist of tiny crystals of ice and look like wisps of cotton floating in 
the sky. 
(b) Cumulus clouds — These are cauliflower-shaped clouds that have great vertical 
height and a flat base; they cause rainfall with lightning and thunder, and are usually 
white or grey in colour. 
(c) Stratus clouds — These are sheet-like clouds that spread out 42 Arundeep’s Self-
Help to Voyage-7 over the whole sky. They usually form at low levels, less than 2 km. 
They are uniformly grey and dull. 
(d) Nimbus clouds — These are the real rain clouds – thick, dark and black, and 
spread out in layers. They cause continuous rain or snow. 
Question 3. 
What is wind? What precautions must be taken while placing a wind vane? 
Answer: 
Wind is air in motion. A wind vane indicates the direction of the wind and consists of a 
rotating arm pivoted on a vertical rod. The arrow of the wind vane always points in the 
direction from which the wind blows and the wind is named accordingly. For example, if 
the pointer is pointing to the East, the wind is blowing from East to West and, therefore, 
Page 3


Recording of Weather 
Discuss 
How are dew drops beneficial for plants ? 
Answer: 
In the early morning dew surrounds the leaves of plant with moisture and plant does not 
close its stomata. 
EXERCISES 
A. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
What is relative humidity? How does it differ from absolute humidity ? 
Answer: 
Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and 
the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage. 
While absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic metre. 
Question 2. 
What does a large difference between the temperatures of a dry bulb thermometer and 
a wet bulb thermometer of a hygrometer indicate? 
Answer: 
A large difference between the readings of the two thermometers means low relative 
humidity and a small difference between them means high relative humidity. 
Question 3. 
Differentiate between precipitation and condensation. Give one example of each. 
Answer: 
Condensation – Dew is a form of condensation. Condensation is the process by which 
water vapour in the air gets converted into tiny droplets of water or ice. Dew formsin 
winters when the temperature is very low but not below 0°C. Moist air comes in contact 
with the cold surfaces near the ground. The water vapour in the air changes to water 
and we see it as dew drops on grass or on plants. Dew drops are beneficial for plants. 
Precipitation – Precipitation is the falling of atmospheric moisture as a result of 
condensation. It has many forms such as rainfall, snowfall, and hail. 
Question 4. 
What are nimbus clouds? 
Answer: 
Nimbus are real rain clouds-thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause 
continuous rain or snow. 
Question 5. 
What is the Beaufort scale? 
Answer: 
Beaufort scale is the scale that is used to estimate wind speed. The scale is based on 
the effect of the wind at different speeds. 
B. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs 
Question 1. 
What is a hygrometer ? 
Answer: 
The instrument used for measuring relative humidity is called hygrometer. The 
hygrometer consists of wet and dry bulb thermometer. The dry bulb thermometer is an 
ordinary thermometer while the wet bulb thermometer is kept wet by a wick that dips 
into a container of distilled water. The wet bulb thermometer shows the lower 
temperature than the actual temperature as evaporation from the moist wick has a 
cooling effect. A larger difference between readings of two thermometers means low 
relative humidity and small difference means high relative humidity. 
Question 2. 
Describe the various types of clouds. 
Answer: 
The four types of clouds are : 
(a) Cirrus clouds — These are feathery, fibrous clouds which form at very high levels 
of 5 to 10 km. They consist of tiny crystals of ice and look like wisps of cotton floating in 
the sky. 
(b) Cumulus clouds — These are cauliflower-shaped clouds that have great vertical 
height and a flat base; they cause rainfall with lightning and thunder, and are usually 
white or grey in colour. 
(c) Stratus clouds — These are sheet-like clouds that spread out 42 Arundeep’s Self-
Help to Voyage-7 over the whole sky. They usually form at low levels, less than 2 km. 
They are uniformly grey and dull. 
(d) Nimbus clouds — These are the real rain clouds – thick, dark and black, and 
spread out in layers. They cause continuous rain or snow. 
Question 3. 
What is wind? What precautions must be taken while placing a wind vane? 
Answer: 
Wind is air in motion. A wind vane indicates the direction of the wind and consists of a 
rotating arm pivoted on a vertical rod. The arrow of the wind vane always points in the 
direction from which the wind blows and the wind is named accordingly. For example, if 
the pointer is pointing to the East, the wind is blowing from East to West and, therefore, 
this wind is called an easterly wind. Wind vanes are usually placed away from obstacles 
such as high buildings, trees, etc. 
Question 4. 
What are isohyets and isotherms ? 
Answer: 
Isohytes : A weather map, which shows, by the help of lines, the amount of rainfall a 
place receives. Each of these lines is made by joining points that show the same 
amount of rainfall received in a given period. These lines are known as isohyets. 
Isotherm : On the map, places experiencing the same temperature at a given time are 
connected with a line. This line is known as an isotherm. Each of these points on the 
line reflects one temperature reading, or an average of several readings, over a period 
of time. 
Question 5. 
What is a weather report ? How is weather forecast made? Why is weather forecast 
necessary ? 
Answer: 
When the weather conditions of the previous day are published, it is called a weather 
report. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the 
state of the atmosphere for a given location. Nowadays it is made with the help of data 
gathered from weather satellites and radar systems. Forecasts help to plan what to 
wear, when to travel or which products to stock in super markets. It’s specially important 
for farmers, builders, sailors or anyone else who works out doors. 
C. For a week, gather information on the weather conditions of your city using simple 
instruments or from weather reports published in newspapers. Present this information 
in a table. One has been done for you here. My observation of the weather at for a 
Page 4


Recording of Weather 
Discuss 
How are dew drops beneficial for plants ? 
Answer: 
In the early morning dew surrounds the leaves of plant with moisture and plant does not 
close its stomata. 
EXERCISES 
A. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
What is relative humidity? How does it differ from absolute humidity ? 
Answer: 
Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and 
the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage. 
While absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic metre. 
Question 2. 
What does a large difference between the temperatures of a dry bulb thermometer and 
a wet bulb thermometer of a hygrometer indicate? 
Answer: 
A large difference between the readings of the two thermometers means low relative 
humidity and a small difference between them means high relative humidity. 
Question 3. 
Differentiate between precipitation and condensation. Give one example of each. 
Answer: 
Condensation – Dew is a form of condensation. Condensation is the process by which 
water vapour in the air gets converted into tiny droplets of water or ice. Dew formsin 
winters when the temperature is very low but not below 0°C. Moist air comes in contact 
with the cold surfaces near the ground. The water vapour in the air changes to water 
and we see it as dew drops on grass or on plants. Dew drops are beneficial for plants. 
Precipitation – Precipitation is the falling of atmospheric moisture as a result of 
condensation. It has many forms such as rainfall, snowfall, and hail. 
Question 4. 
What are nimbus clouds? 
Answer: 
Nimbus are real rain clouds-thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause 
continuous rain or snow. 
Question 5. 
What is the Beaufort scale? 
Answer: 
Beaufort scale is the scale that is used to estimate wind speed. The scale is based on 
the effect of the wind at different speeds. 
B. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs 
Question 1. 
What is a hygrometer ? 
Answer: 
The instrument used for measuring relative humidity is called hygrometer. The 
hygrometer consists of wet and dry bulb thermometer. The dry bulb thermometer is an 
ordinary thermometer while the wet bulb thermometer is kept wet by a wick that dips 
into a container of distilled water. The wet bulb thermometer shows the lower 
temperature than the actual temperature as evaporation from the moist wick has a 
cooling effect. A larger difference between readings of two thermometers means low 
relative humidity and small difference means high relative humidity. 
Question 2. 
Describe the various types of clouds. 
Answer: 
The four types of clouds are : 
(a) Cirrus clouds — These are feathery, fibrous clouds which form at very high levels 
of 5 to 10 km. They consist of tiny crystals of ice and look like wisps of cotton floating in 
the sky. 
(b) Cumulus clouds — These are cauliflower-shaped clouds that have great vertical 
height and a flat base; they cause rainfall with lightning and thunder, and are usually 
white or grey in colour. 
(c) Stratus clouds — These are sheet-like clouds that spread out 42 Arundeep’s Self-
Help to Voyage-7 over the whole sky. They usually form at low levels, less than 2 km. 
They are uniformly grey and dull. 
(d) Nimbus clouds — These are the real rain clouds – thick, dark and black, and 
spread out in layers. They cause continuous rain or snow. 
Question 3. 
What is wind? What precautions must be taken while placing a wind vane? 
Answer: 
Wind is air in motion. A wind vane indicates the direction of the wind and consists of a 
rotating arm pivoted on a vertical rod. The arrow of the wind vane always points in the 
direction from which the wind blows and the wind is named accordingly. For example, if 
the pointer is pointing to the East, the wind is blowing from East to West and, therefore, 
this wind is called an easterly wind. Wind vanes are usually placed away from obstacles 
such as high buildings, trees, etc. 
Question 4. 
What are isohyets and isotherms ? 
Answer: 
Isohytes : A weather map, which shows, by the help of lines, the amount of rainfall a 
place receives. Each of these lines is made by joining points that show the same 
amount of rainfall received in a given period. These lines are known as isohyets. 
Isotherm : On the map, places experiencing the same temperature at a given time are 
connected with a line. This line is known as an isotherm. Each of these points on the 
line reflects one temperature reading, or an average of several readings, over a period 
of time. 
Question 5. 
What is a weather report ? How is weather forecast made? Why is weather forecast 
necessary ? 
Answer: 
When the weather conditions of the previous day are published, it is called a weather 
report. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the 
state of the atmosphere for a given location. Nowadays it is made with the help of data 
gathered from weather satellites and radar systems. Forecasts help to plan what to 
wear, when to travel or which products to stock in super markets. It’s specially important 
for farmers, builders, sailors or anyone else who works out doors. 
C. For a week, gather information on the weather conditions of your city using simple 
instruments or from weather reports published in newspapers. Present this information 
in a table. One has been done for you here. My observation of the weather at for a 
week. 
 
D. This could be a classroom activity. If your school laboratory has an anemometer, use 
it to record your city’s wind speed for a week. Use the Beaufort Scale to find out the 
character of wind during these days. Record your observations carefully in your 
notebook. You could even draw small neat sketches to show the effect of the wind. 
Answer: 
Do it Yourself 
Page 5


Recording of Weather 
Discuss 
How are dew drops beneficial for plants ? 
Answer: 
In the early morning dew surrounds the leaves of plant with moisture and plant does not 
close its stomata. 
EXERCISES 
A. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
What is relative humidity? How does it differ from absolute humidity ? 
Answer: 
Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and 
the total amount the air can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed in percentage. 
While absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic metre. 
Question 2. 
What does a large difference between the temperatures of a dry bulb thermometer and 
a wet bulb thermometer of a hygrometer indicate? 
Answer: 
A large difference between the readings of the two thermometers means low relative 
humidity and a small difference between them means high relative humidity. 
Question 3. 
Differentiate between precipitation and condensation. Give one example of each. 
Answer: 
Condensation – Dew is a form of condensation. Condensation is the process by which 
water vapour in the air gets converted into tiny droplets of water or ice. Dew formsin 
winters when the temperature is very low but not below 0°C. Moist air comes in contact 
with the cold surfaces near the ground. The water vapour in the air changes to water 
and we see it as dew drops on grass or on plants. Dew drops are beneficial for plants. 
Precipitation – Precipitation is the falling of atmospheric moisture as a result of 
condensation. It has many forms such as rainfall, snowfall, and hail. 
Question 4. 
What are nimbus clouds? 
Answer: 
Nimbus are real rain clouds-thick, dark and black and spread out in layers. They cause 
continuous rain or snow. 
Question 5. 
What is the Beaufort scale? 
Answer: 
Beaufort scale is the scale that is used to estimate wind speed. The scale is based on 
the effect of the wind at different speeds. 
B. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs 
Question 1. 
What is a hygrometer ? 
Answer: 
The instrument used for measuring relative humidity is called hygrometer. The 
hygrometer consists of wet and dry bulb thermometer. The dry bulb thermometer is an 
ordinary thermometer while the wet bulb thermometer is kept wet by a wick that dips 
into a container of distilled water. The wet bulb thermometer shows the lower 
temperature than the actual temperature as evaporation from the moist wick has a 
cooling effect. A larger difference between readings of two thermometers means low 
relative humidity and small difference means high relative humidity. 
Question 2. 
Describe the various types of clouds. 
Answer: 
The four types of clouds are : 
(a) Cirrus clouds — These are feathery, fibrous clouds which form at very high levels 
of 5 to 10 km. They consist of tiny crystals of ice and look like wisps of cotton floating in 
the sky. 
(b) Cumulus clouds — These are cauliflower-shaped clouds that have great vertical 
height and a flat base; they cause rainfall with lightning and thunder, and are usually 
white or grey in colour. 
(c) Stratus clouds — These are sheet-like clouds that spread out 42 Arundeep’s Self-
Help to Voyage-7 over the whole sky. They usually form at low levels, less than 2 km. 
They are uniformly grey and dull. 
(d) Nimbus clouds — These are the real rain clouds – thick, dark and black, and 
spread out in layers. They cause continuous rain or snow. 
Question 3. 
What is wind? What precautions must be taken while placing a wind vane? 
Answer: 
Wind is air in motion. A wind vane indicates the direction of the wind and consists of a 
rotating arm pivoted on a vertical rod. The arrow of the wind vane always points in the 
direction from which the wind blows and the wind is named accordingly. For example, if 
the pointer is pointing to the East, the wind is blowing from East to West and, therefore, 
this wind is called an easterly wind. Wind vanes are usually placed away from obstacles 
such as high buildings, trees, etc. 
Question 4. 
What are isohyets and isotherms ? 
Answer: 
Isohytes : A weather map, which shows, by the help of lines, the amount of rainfall a 
place receives. Each of these lines is made by joining points that show the same 
amount of rainfall received in a given period. These lines are known as isohyets. 
Isotherm : On the map, places experiencing the same temperature at a given time are 
connected with a line. This line is known as an isotherm. Each of these points on the 
line reflects one temperature reading, or an average of several readings, over a period 
of time. 
Question 5. 
What is a weather report ? How is weather forecast made? Why is weather forecast 
necessary ? 
Answer: 
When the weather conditions of the previous day are published, it is called a weather 
report. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the 
state of the atmosphere for a given location. Nowadays it is made with the help of data 
gathered from weather satellites and radar systems. Forecasts help to plan what to 
wear, when to travel or which products to stock in super markets. It’s specially important 
for farmers, builders, sailors or anyone else who works out doors. 
C. For a week, gather information on the weather conditions of your city using simple 
instruments or from weather reports published in newspapers. Present this information 
in a table. One has been done for you here. My observation of the weather at for a 
week. 
 
D. This could be a classroom activity. If your school laboratory has an anemometer, use 
it to record your city’s wind speed for a week. Use the Beaufort Scale to find out the 
character of wind during these days. Record your observations carefully in your 
notebook. You could even draw small neat sketches to show the effect of the wind. 
Answer: 
Do it Yourself 
E. From the weather report published in your local newspaper, record the time of 
sunrise and sunset for a month in your notebook, as shown on the next page : My 
observation of the time of sunrise and sunset for the month of ______ 20, ______