The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 Worksheet History Chapter 2

Timeline of Events

• 1600: The East India company was established
• 1730: The earliest factories in England were setup
• 1760: Britian imported New cotton to feed its cotton industry
• 1764: James Hargreaves, devised spinning Jenny
• 1767: Richard Arkwright established the cotton mill
• 1781: James watt improvised steam engine & patented it
• 1785: Cart wright invented the powerloom which used steam power for spinning & weaving
• 1830-1840: Dwarkanath Tagore setup 6 joint stock companies in Bengal
• 1840: Cotton was the leading sector in the first phase of Industrialisation in Britain.
• 1850 : Railway station developed all over London
• 1854: The first cotton mill was established in Bombay
• 1855: The first Jute Mill was set up in Bengal
• 1860: The supply of cotton reduced because of American Civil War
• 1860: Elgin Mill was started in Kanpur
• 1861: The first cotton mill was setup in Ahmedabad
• 1873: Britain exported Iron & Steel
• 1874: The first spinning & weaving mill & Madras began its production
• 1900: E.T paul music company published "Dawn of Century"
• 1912: J.N. Tata set up first Iron & Steel works in Jameshedpur
• 1917: Seth Hukumchand set up first Jute Mill in Calcutta
• 1941: use of Fly shuttle in more than 35 looms

Points to be Remember

• Orient-The countries of the East especially East Asia
• Capital-That part of money when invested is used for trade purpose.
• Socialism- Where factors of production are held by the government.
• Spenning Jenny-Invented by James Hargreaves in 1764. It accelerated production.
• Staples: A person who 'Staples' or sorts wool according to fibre.
• Fuller: A person who 'Fulls' that it gathers cloth by pleating.
• Carding: The process in when fibres such as cotton or wool are prepared prior to spinning.
• Fly shuttle was a mechanical device used for weaving moved by means of ropes and pullies.
• First Jute Mill was established in Calcutica, in India
• James Watt invented Steam Engine.
• In India first cotton mill eastablished in 1854.
• Portuguese were the first Europeans to come India.

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1: Who invented steam engine
(a) James Watt
(b) New Comen
(c) Richard Arpwright
(d) E.T. Paull

Q2: Which of the following were the most dynamic industries of the Great Britain?
(a) Cotton and Metal Industry
(b) Metal & Agrobased industries
(c) Cotton and Sugar Industry
(d) Ship & Cotton

Q3: Dwarkanath Tagore was a ___________
(a) Indusrialist
(b) Painter
(c) Philosopher
(d) Social Reformer

Q4: Which is associated with Gomasthas?
(a) Traders
(b) Servant
(c) Businessman
(d) Supervisor appointed by company

Q5: When did the exports of British cotton increase dramatically?
(a) In the early 17th century
(b) In the early 18 century
(c) In early 19 century
(d) In early 20 century

Q6: Koshtis were
(a) A community of Weavers
(b) Weavers
(c) Cotton Weavers
(d) Landless Labourer

Q7: Which of the following were the Pre-colonial ports of India
(a) Surat & Masulispatnam
(b) Madras & Hoogly
(c) Madras & Bombay
(d) Bombay & Hoogly

Q8: Who were Jobbers?
(a) A person employed by industrialist to new recruits
(b) A paid servant of East India company
(c) A person employed by farmer to sell their products
(d) A person doing most important job in a factory

Q9: In 1911, 67 of the large industries were located in one of the following places in India
(a) Surat & Ahemdabad
(b) Bengal & Bombay
(c) Patna & Lucknow
(d) Delhi & Bombay

Q10: The Nationalist message of swadeshi was spread
(a) Tariffs
(b) Advertisements
(c) Force
(d) Low prices

Fill in the Blank

Q1: Proto-industrialisation was a phase when there was large-scale industrial production for an international market which was not based on ___________.

Q2: Richard Arkwright created the __________ mill.

Q3: The pace of industrialisation was hindered by technological changes occurring slowly because the new technology was expensive, machines often broke down, and repair was ____________.
Q4: After the East India Company established political power, they appointed a paid servant called the __________ to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

Q5: By the end of the nineteenth century, factories in India began production, flooding the market with machine-made goods, creating a problem for ____________.

One Mark Questions

Q1: In the 19th industrialist in which country started using machines.

Q2: In which decade factories opened in England ?

Q3: Who were Gomashtas ?

Q4: Which methods were adopted to create new consumers ?

Q5: In the initial phase of Industrialisation.

Q6: How did spinning Jenny accelerated production ?

Q7: What kind of products introduced European Managing Agencies ?

Q8: How do Urban producers control production ?

Q9: Why industrialist were reluctant to use machines ?

Q10: Name two most important industries of Europe ?

3/5 Marks Questions

Q1: How did the advent of Manchester create problems for Indian Weavers?

Q2: What were the reasons for increase in production during WWI ?

Q3: What were the reasons for great economic depression of 1930 ?

Q4: Why it was difficult for new merchants to establish trade in towns ?

Q5: Why new industrialist could not displace traditional industries ?

Q6: The network of Indian Merchants started break down why ?

Q7: Why did East India Company employ Gomashtas ?

Q8: Who were Jobbers ? What was their role ?

Q9: How did British manufactures captured Indian market through advertisement ?

Q10: How did increase Labour affect lines of workers ?

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Who patened the steam engine in 1781 produced by Newcowman? Who manufactured its new model?

Q2: Name two new ports which grew in importance after the decline of Surat and Hooghly.

Q3: What is meant by ‘Proto-Industrialisation’?

Q4: What do you understand about Orient?

 Q5: What were ‘guilds’?

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: What was the impact of new trade network on weavers introduced by East India Company in India?

Q2: How did jobbers misuse his position and power? Explain. 

 Q3: How the Proto-Industrial system did develop a close relation between towns and countries?

Q4: ‘Proto-industrial system was thus part of a network of commercial exchanges’. Give reasons.

Q5: Why did the poor peasants and artisans of Europe agree to work for the merchants?

Q6: Discuss about the employment conditions in Victorian Britain after 1840.

Q7: Give a brief account of Indian textile industry before the age of machine industries developed in Europe.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Describe any five major problems faced by new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the industrial revolution.

 Q2: Describe the main features of the picture on the cover page of the Music book ‘Dawn of the Century’ published by E.T. Paul Music Co in 1900.

Q3: Point out the significance of the picture ‘Two Magicians’ published in Inland printers in 1901.
OR
‘The glorification of machines and technology is even more marked in a picture which appeared on the pages of a trade magazine over a hundred years ago”? Support your answer with suitable examples.
OR
“The history of industrialisation thus becomes simply a story of development, and the modern age appears as a wonderful time of technological progress”. Justify.

Q4: Why did the merchants of Europe move to the country side for goods in 19th Century?

Q5: How had a series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process in the cotton textile industry? Explain.

Q6: “Historians now have come to increasingly recognise that the typical worker in the midnineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer”. Justify.

Q7: Why did some industrialists in the 19th century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
OR
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period?

Q8: Discuss the life of the workers of 19th century European cities with suitable examples.

Q9: ‘‘Industrialization has changed the form of Urbanization in the modern period.’’ Analyse the statement with special reference of London.

Q10: Describe the life of Workers during the nineteenth century in England.

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