UNFCCC: COP 25 | Environment for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


UNFCCC - COP 25  
Page 2


UNFCCC - COP 25  
INTRODUCTION 
The 25
th
 Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 
25) to the United Nations Framework Convention 
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held under the 
Presidency of Chile in Madrid, Spain on 02
nd
 – 
15
th
 December 2019.  
The conference, which was expected to conclude on 
13
th
 December, was extended till 15
th
 December 
2019 to arrive at a consensus on a range of issues, 
particularly Article 6 of Paris Agreement, Warsaw 
International Mechanism for Loss and Damage 
associated with Climate Change Impacts and 
climate finance. 
Page 3


UNFCCC - COP 25  
INTRODUCTION 
The 25
th
 Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 
25) to the United Nations Framework Convention 
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held under the 
Presidency of Chile in Madrid, Spain on 02
nd
 – 
15
th
 December 2019.  
The conference, which was expected to conclude on 
13
th
 December, was extended till 15
th
 December 
2019 to arrive at a consensus on a range of issues, 
particularly Article 6 of Paris Agreement, Warsaw 
International Mechanism for Loss and Damage 
associated with Climate Change Impacts and 
climate finance. 
HOST COUNTRY 
COP 25 was the Latin American countries’ turn to hold the 
event, it was first picked up by Brazil — but that was 
before Jair Bolsonaro became the President of the 
country.  
Bolsonaro, and his foreign minister, Ernesto Araujo, are 
climate deniers; they, like Donald Trump, believe that the 
concept of ‘climate change science’ is rubbish. 
Chile was chosen but unprecedented domestic unrest has 
forced Chile to express its inability to host climate talks. 
So, it was held in Madrid in Spain under the presidency of 
the Chilean government. 
Finally, owing to its original location in Chile – a nation 
with around 4,000 miles of coastline – the leadership 
dubbed this year’s event the “blue COP”, laying out its 
intention to focus on oceans. 
Page 4


UNFCCC - COP 25  
INTRODUCTION 
The 25
th
 Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 
25) to the United Nations Framework Convention 
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held under the 
Presidency of Chile in Madrid, Spain on 02
nd
 – 
15
th
 December 2019.  
The conference, which was expected to conclude on 
13
th
 December, was extended till 15
th
 December 
2019 to arrive at a consensus on a range of issues, 
particularly Article 6 of Paris Agreement, Warsaw 
International Mechanism for Loss and Damage 
associated with Climate Change Impacts and 
climate finance. 
HOST COUNTRY 
COP 25 was the Latin American countries’ turn to hold the 
event, it was first picked up by Brazil — but that was 
before Jair Bolsonaro became the President of the 
country.  
Bolsonaro, and his foreign minister, Ernesto Araujo, are 
climate deniers; they, like Donald Trump, believe that the 
concept of ‘climate change science’ is rubbish. 
Chile was chosen but unprecedented domestic unrest has 
forced Chile to express its inability to host climate talks. 
So, it was held in Madrid in Spain under the presidency of 
the Chilean government. 
Finally, owing to its original location in Chile – a nation 
with around 4,000 miles of coastline – the leadership 
dubbed this year’s event the “blue COP”, laying out its 
intention to focus on oceans. 
INTRODUCTION 
COP 25 is an important conference as countries 
prepare to move from pre-2020 period under 
Kyoto Protocol to post-2020 period under Paris 
Agreement. 
 India's approach will be guided by principles and 
provisions of UNFCCC and Paris Agreement 
particularly the principles of Equity and 
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and 
Respective Capability (CBDR-RC). 
Page 5


UNFCCC - COP 25  
INTRODUCTION 
The 25
th
 Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 
25) to the United Nations Framework Convention 
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held under the 
Presidency of Chile in Madrid, Spain on 02
nd
 – 
15
th
 December 2019.  
The conference, which was expected to conclude on 
13
th
 December, was extended till 15
th
 December 
2019 to arrive at a consensus on a range of issues, 
particularly Article 6 of Paris Agreement, Warsaw 
International Mechanism for Loss and Damage 
associated with Climate Change Impacts and 
climate finance. 
HOST COUNTRY 
COP 25 was the Latin American countries’ turn to hold the 
event, it was first picked up by Brazil — but that was 
before Jair Bolsonaro became the President of the 
country.  
Bolsonaro, and his foreign minister, Ernesto Araujo, are 
climate deniers; they, like Donald Trump, believe that the 
concept of ‘climate change science’ is rubbish. 
Chile was chosen but unprecedented domestic unrest has 
forced Chile to express its inability to host climate talks. 
So, it was held in Madrid in Spain under the presidency of 
the Chilean government. 
Finally, owing to its original location in Chile – a nation 
with around 4,000 miles of coastline – the leadership 
dubbed this year’s event the “blue COP”, laying out its 
intention to focus on oceans. 
INTRODUCTION 
COP 25 is an important conference as countries 
prepare to move from pre-2020 period under 
Kyoto Protocol to post-2020 period under Paris 
Agreement. 
 India's approach will be guided by principles and 
provisions of UNFCCC and Paris Agreement 
particularly the principles of Equity and 
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and 
Respective Capability (CBDR-RC). 
INDIA’S STAND 
India's leadership on climate change has been evident and well recognised 
across the globe.  
In the recently held Climate Action Summit convened by United Nations 
Secretary General, the Prime Minister announced India's plan on scaling 
up of renewable energy target to 450 GW and called for responsible 
action by all on the principles of equity and CBDR-RC.  
India has been leading the world in its pursuit of enhanced solar energy 
capacity through International Solar Alliance (ISA). 
In addition to ISA, two new initiatives have been launched by India as part 
of its efforts to mobilize world on climate action.  
These include Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, which will serve 
as a platform to generate and exchange knowledge on different aspects 
of climate and disaster resilient infrastructure and 'Leadership Group for 
Industry Transition' launched jointly by India and Sweden, which will 
provide a platform for government and the private sector in different 
countries to work together on accelerating low carbon growth and 
cooperation in the area of technology innovation.