UPSC Exam  >  UPSC Notes  >  UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology

UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology PDF Download

Paper - I

1. General Geology

  • The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing 

  • Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.
  • Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites.
  • Satellite data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications.

3. Structural Geology

  • Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.

4. Paleontology

  • Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna.
  • Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy

  • Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology

  • Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.

Paper - II

1. Mineralogy

  • Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography.
  • Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals. 
  • Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

  • Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.
  • Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.

3. Sedimenary Petrology

  • Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India.

4. Economic Geology

  • Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.

5. Mining Geology 

  • Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology

  • Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.
  • Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.
The document UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology is a part of UPSC category.
All you need of UPSC at this link: UPSC

Top Courses for UPSC

FAQs on UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology

1. What is the syllabus for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam?
Ans. The syllabus for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam includes topics such as general geology, geomorphology, structural geology, paleontology, stratigraphy, mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, sedimentology, and economic geology.
2. How many papers are there in the UPSC exam for Geology optional subject?
Ans. There are two papers in the UPSC exam for the Geology optional subject. Paper-I covers topics like general geology, geomorphology, structural geology, and paleontology. Paper-II includes topics such as stratigraphy, mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, sedimentology, and economic geology.
3. Are there any recommended books or study materials for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam?
Ans. Yes, there are several recommended books and study materials for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam. Some popular ones include "A Textbook of Geology" by P.K. Mukherjee, "Principles of Engineering Geology" by K.M. Bangar, and "Textbook of Physical Geology" by G.B. Mahapatra.
4. How can I prepare for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam?
Ans. To prepare for the Geology optional subject in the UPSC exam, it is recommended to start by thoroughly studying the syllabus and understanding the exam pattern. It is important to make a study plan, allocate specific time for each topic, and revise regularly. Additionally, solving previous years' question papers and taking mock tests can help in familiarizing oneself with the exam format and improving time management skills.
5. Is it necessary to have a background in Geology to choose it as an optional subject in the UPSC exam?
Ans. While having a background in Geology can be advantageous, it is not mandatory to choose it as an optional subject in the UPSC exam. With proper dedication, hard work, and effective preparation, candidates from various backgrounds can excel in the Geology optional subject. It is essential to have a genuine interest in the subject and a willingness to put in the required effort to understand and grasp the concepts.
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for UPSC exam

Top Courses for UPSC

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

ppt

,

MCQs

,

practice quizzes

,

UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology

,

UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology

,

Exam

,

UPSC Optional Subject Syllabus: Geology

,

Sample Paper

,

Semester Notes

,

Summary

,

Important questions

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Viva Questions

,

video lectures

,

mock tests for examination

,

Extra Questions

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

pdf

,

study material

,

past year papers

,

Objective type Questions

,

Free

;