Viva Voce: Homology and Analogy of Plants and Animals | Lab Manuals for Class 10 PDF Download

Q.1. From where does scientists gather the evidences for evolution process?

The records of fossils, homologous and analogous organs, vestigial organs provide evidences to predict the evolution process.

Q.2. Is there a purpose behind the study of homologous and analogous organs?

Yes, the study of these organs give us concrete evidence, supporting evolution process. They also prove the ability of all the living beings to be able to survive by adaptation and modification.

Q.3. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Passiflora are referred to as homologous organs. Why?

The thorn and tendril are modification of leaf, thus same in structure but different in functions, i.e. thorns protect the plant while tendril provides support during climbing.

Q.4. Feathers of birds are meant for flight, which are the modifications of epidermal hair. State their basic and primary function.

Feathers are modifications of body hair. Their primary function is to keep the body of animal warm.

Q.5. Analogous organs are different from homologous organs. How?

Q.6. Give one example of homology as observed in plants and animals.

• Plants: Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
• Animals: Forelimbs of whales and bats.

Q.7. Every organism has same basic structural plan. Explain your understanding about this.

The basic structural plan of different related organism shows that few parts of the specified organ structure are same, so they have common ancestors.

Q.8. Homology was first defined by whom?

Richard Owen in 1843, first described the homology.

Q.9. Name few organs of different animals who have same basic structural plan.

The forelimbs of frog, lizard, bat and mammal have similar bones in their forelimbs. These show little modification in their structures depending on what function they have taken up to perform.

Q.10. Fins of fish and flippers of whale or seal is homologous or analogous organs?

Analogous organ

Q.11. Give one example of analogous organs each for a plant and an animal.

• Plant: Sweet potato (root modification) and potato (stem modification).
• Animal: Flippers of penguins and dolphins.

Q.12. Define palaeontology and explain how is it related with study of evolution?

Palaeontology is the study of fossils. Fossils are preserved specimens of organisms, their study reveals the varied life forms present over time.