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What is Federalism? Video Lecture | Political Science Class 11 - Humanities/Arts

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1. What is federalism?
Federalism is a political system in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments. It is based on the principle of dual sovereignty, where both levels of government have their own separate powers and responsibilities.
2. How does federalism work?
In a federal system, the central government and regional governments have their own specific areas of jurisdiction. The central government is responsible for issues that affect the entire country, such as defense, foreign policy, and currency. Regional governments, on the other hand, have powers over local matters like education, healthcare, and transportation. The division of powers is usually outlined in a constitution, which serves as the supreme law of the land.
3. What are the advantages of federalism?
Federalism offers several advantages, including the ability to accommodate diverse needs and interests of different regions within a country. It allows for local autonomy and decision-making, which can result in more efficient governance and tailored policies. Additionally, federal systems can promote healthy competition among regional governments, leading to innovation and better governance practices.
4. What are the challenges of federalism?
Despite its benefits, federalism also presents challenges. One challenge is the potential for conflicts between the central and regional governments, as they may have differing priorities or policies. Another challenge is finding the right balance between centralization and decentralization of power, as too much power in either level of government can lead to inefficiencies or disparities among regions. Coordination and cooperation between different levels of government can also be complex and time-consuming.
5. Which countries have a federal system?
Many countries around the world have federal systems, including the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, and Switzerland. These countries have adopted federalism to varying degrees, with some having more centralized or decentralized systems. The specific structure and division of powers may differ among these countries, but the underlying principle of sharing power between the central and regional governments remains consistent.
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