Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Worksheet Geography Chapter 1

MCQ
Q1: Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminum
(b) Cement
(c) Plastic
(d) Automobile
Ans: B

Q2: Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Ans: B

Q3: Whjch one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminum smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Ans: A

Q4: Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) Information Technology
Ans: B

Q5: Most of the integrated steel plants in India are located in :-
(a) Malwa Plateau
(b) Bundelkhand Plateau
(c) Meghalaya Plateau
(d) Chotanagpur Plateau
Ans: D

Q6: Tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors, etc are supplied by:
(a) Government
(b) Industry
(c) People
(d) None of these
Ans: B

Q7: Which are the two prime factors for the location of aluminium industry?
(a) Market and cheap labour
(b) Transport network and unlimited water supply
(c) Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material
(d) None of the above
Ans: C

Q8: _________pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(a) Thermal
(b) Industrial
(c) Noise
(d) Air
Ans: A

Q9: India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods at second place as an exporter after _________.
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Pakistan
(c) China
(d) Sri Lanka
Ans: A

Q10: Which one of the following organizations is responsible for the marketing of steel of the public sector undertaking?
(a) TISCO
(b) IISCO
(c) BHEL
(d) SAIL
Ans: D

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: "Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country." Support the statement with examples.
Ans: Industrial sector provides the basic inputs to the agricultural sector such as tractors, harvesting machines, fertilizers etc., that make the basic inputs for the sector. It helps in modernization of the agricultural activity. The industrial sector provides employment to a large number of people and improves their economic status. These people in turn are able to buy more of the agricultural products such as food items, clothes etc. Thus the industrial sector improves employment. Because of industrial sector value is added to goods. The country can export products instead of raw materials.

Q2: Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.
Ans: (i) It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.
(ii) It is the 3rd largest in Asia and occupies the 6th place in the world.
(iii) It consists both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sector. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuffs. Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, paints, etc.
(v) The chemical industry is its own largest consumer with value addition.

Q3: "The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries." Support the statement with arguments.
Ans: Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of an economy because of the following reasons:
(a) Utilization of Natural Resources: Utilization of huge volume of natural resources has become possible with the development of industries in the country.
(b) Balanced Sectoral Development: Growth of Industrialization in the country can attain balanced sectoral development and it can reduce the too much dependence of the economy on the agricultural sector.
(c) Enhanced Capital Formation: Increasing volume of investment in industries has led to enhancement in the rate of capital formation in the country.
(d) Increase in National Income and Foreign Exchange: Industries contribute a good portion of the total national income of our country.
(e) Increase in Job Opportunities: It Increases the job opportunities for a large section of population of the country.
(f ) Development of Industries brings down regional economic and social disparities as incomes rise and people from different strata of the society work together.

Q4: Name three states where spinning of yarn continues to be centralised.
Ans: Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Q5: How many jute mills are there in India? Where are most of them located?
Ans: There are about 70 jute mills in India. Most of them are located in west Bengal, mainly along the banks of the High river, in a narrow belt.

Q6: What is the key to the success of IT Industry in India?
Ans: The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to success of IT industry in India.

Q7: What is NTPC?
Ans: NTPC i.e. National Thermal Power Corporation is a major power providing corporations in India.

Q8: Mention one challenge faced by the jute industry.
Ans: Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitions like Bangladesh.

Q9: How many sugar mills are there in India? Where are they located?
Ans: There are over 460 super mills in India. They are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat along with Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.

Q10: What is steel used for?
Ans: Steel is used for manufacturing a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defense, medical, telephone, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

Q11: What is regarded as the index of a country’s development?
Ans: Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of a country’s development.

Q12: Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Ans: Cement is used for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. These industries use bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

Q13: Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Ans: (i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production. i.e. 14%.
(ii) 35 million persons are directly engaged in this industry. Thus, it is the second largest industry after agriculture in employment generation.
(iii) It contributes 4% towards GDP.
(iv) It is the only industry in India which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.

Q14: What were the major objections of the National Jute Policy 2005? Why has been the internal demand for jute on the increase?
Ans: In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the following objectives:
(i) To increase productivity
(ii) To improve quality
(iii) To ensure good prices to the jute farmers
(iv) To enhance the field per hectare

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because of the following reasons:
(i) The Government of India has made the use of jute packaging mandating.
(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

Long Questions Answers
Q1: Differentiate between ago based and mineral-based industries.
Ans: Agro based industries are those industries in which agricultural products are used as raw materials. e.g. cotton, jute, silk, sugarcane and vegetable oil industries are agro-based industries where as Mineral-based industries are those industries in which minerals are used as raw materials. Iron and Steel, Cement and Chemical industries are mineral-based industries.

Q2: How are industries classified according to their main role in economy?
Ans:
i. Basic or key Industries: These industries provide basic materials for other industries like iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium smelting.
ii. Consumer industries: These industries produce goods for direct use by consumers. E.g. sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machine, fans etc.

Q3: Describe the importance of cotton textile industries in India? Where is it distributed?
Ans: Importance:
(a) It is the largest industry in India. It gives employment to over 1.5 million people, which is about 20% of the industrial labour force in India.
(b) There are about 1600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country, of this 79% are in the private sector, the rest in the public and co- operative sectors.
(c) This industry support many other industries like chemical and dyes, packing material and engineering works.
Distribution:
(a) There are about 1946 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country as on 30th November 2011 , of this 80% are in the private sector, the rest in the public and cooperative sectors.
(b) Cotton textile industries are spread over 80 towns and cities in India, but most of them are concentrated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
(c) While spinning continued to be concentrated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu weaving is in decentralized sector.

Q4: State any two factors contributed towards the localization of cotton textile mills in India. Examine
some of the problems faced by the cotton textile industries today.
Ans:
(a) Wide demand or market and it is one of the traditional occupation.
(b) Better transport facilities including accessible port facilities,
(c) Adequate banking facilities and moist climate.
(d) Availability of raw cotton, electricity, labour and capital contributed towards the localization of cotton textile industries in India
(e) There are about 1600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country, of this 80% are in the private sector, the rest in the public and co- operative sectors.
Problems faced by the cotton textile industries:
(a) Scarcity of good quality of cotton.
(b) Obsolete machinery.
(c) Erratic powers supply.
(d) Low productivity of labour and
(e) Stiff competitions with synthetic fibre industry are the problems faced by the cotton textile industries in India.

Q5: Why are the jute textile mills concentrated along the Hughli River? Explain by giving four examples. What are the challenges facing jute industry in India?
Ans:
(a) Jute producing areas are located at the bank of the river Hughli and the textile mills should be closer to the producing areas.
(b) Hughli River is used for inexpensive transportation supported by a good network of railways and roadways to help movement of raw materials and finished products.
(c) Jute mills required a lot of water for processing jute. It is available here.
(d) Cheap labour is available in West Bengal and the neighbouring states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
(e) Banking facilities are adequate.
(f) Port facility and banking facilities are also available in West Bengal.
Challenges of jute industries:
(a) Demand for jute carpets and packing materials declined in the international market.
(b) Cost of production has increased.
(c) Stiff competition in international markets especially from Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand reduced overall demand for Indian jute products.
(d) Synthetic substitutes also posing threat to jute industry.

Q6: Why are sugar industries located near to sugarcane producing areas? Why are sugar industries migrating to South India? Name the sugar producing states in India.
Ans:

• Sugar industries are based on sugarcane as the raw material, which is very heavy. So industries are close to its producing areas.
• More over sugarcane is a perishable and weight losing products.
• It should be processed without delay to prevent losing of sugar content.
• Therefore, industries are located very close to its producing areas.

Sugar industries are migrating to South India due to the following reasons:
i. The sugar content in the sugarcane in south India is more than that of north India. So it is more profitable there.
ii. The cooler climate in this region ensures a longer crushing season.
iii. The cooperative societies are more successful in south India.
iv. Sugarcane requires a lot of water for its processing. It is available in south India.
v. Sugar industry is a labour intensive industry it requires a lot of cheap labour, which is available in south India. Hence, sugar industry is migrating to south India.
(a) There are over 662 sugar mills in the country in 2010-11. About 60% of them are located in Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh also produce sugar.

Q7: Why are iron and steel plants located in the north eastern and southern part of Indian Peninsula?
Or
What are the relative advantage of the Chhotanagpur plateau for the development of iron and steel industry?
Ans:

• Iron and steel industry requires low cost iron ore, high-grade coal, limestone and manganese ore as raw materials.
• It also demands cheap labour and wide market. These are available in the north eastern and southern part of Indian peninsula.
• Since raw materials and finished products are heavy good transport system is required for its distribution.
• These areas have inland waterways and good network of roads. Except Vishakapatanam steel plants, all steel plants are located to in the mineral rich northeastern and southern part of Indian peninsula.
• These industries make use of sea ports of the Indian peninsula like, Haldia, Paradip, Vishakapatnam,Chennai etc.

Q8: What is manufacturing? What is the importance of manufacturing?
Or Why is manufacturing considered the backbone of economic development of the country?
Ans:
(i) Production of goods in large number by using machines is called manufacturing.
(ii) Raw materials are converted into usable goods in this process.
(iii) We manufacture cloth from cotton, sugar from sugarcane, paper from wood etc.
The importance of manufacturing is the following:
(i) Industries play an important role in the economy of a country. The economic strength of a country is judged by the development of manufacturing industries.
(ii) Industries provide employment opportunities and reduce poverty in India. Thus, solve unemployment problem. It helps reduce dependence of people on agriculture and provide them job in secondary and tertiary activities.
(iii) Industries bring foreign exchange. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) It provides tools and implements for agriculture.
(v) It brings down regional differences by establishing industries to tribal and backward areas.

Q9: How are industries and agriculture complimentary to each other?
Ans: i. The industries in India have given a boost to agriculture by raising its productivity. It supplies irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, machines and tools, and pipes to farmers, thus increases its efficiency.
ii. Agriculture provides raw materials to agro based industries. It provides jute for jute industries, cotton for cotton textile industries, and sugar cane for sugar industries.

Q10: Name the physical and human factors that affect location of industries.
Or
Explain any four factors which influence the industrial location.
Ans:
i. Availability of raw materials, power resources, water facilities, and favourable climatic condition are the physical factors that affect the location of industries.
ii. The human factors that control the location of industries are labourers, transport facilities,market, capital, banking facilities and government policies.
iii. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.
iv. Least cost of production, Government policies and availability of specialized labour also influence location of industries.