Worksheet Solutions: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context | Geography Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The Planning Commission in India was responsible for implementing ___________.
Ans: Policies
The Planning Commission in India was responsible for implementing economic and developmental policies.

Q2: The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) focused on developing ___________ regions in India.
Ans: Drought-prone
The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) focused on developing economically disadvantaged and drought-prone regions in India.

Q3: The Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) in Bharmaur aimed to uplift the ___________ community.
Ans: Tribal
The Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) in Bharmaur aimed to uplift the indigenous tribal community.

Q4: Sustainable development emphasizes the balance between ___________, ___________, and ___________ aspects.
Ans: Economic, social, ecological
Sustainable development emphasizes the balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental conservation aspects.

Q5: Stage I of the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area covers ___________, ___________, and the northern part of ___________ districts.
Ans: Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner
Stage I of the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area covers Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and Bikaner, districts in Rajasthan, India.

Q6: The First Five Year Plan in India was launched in the year ___________.
Ans: 1951
The First Five Year Plan in India was launched in the year 1951, marking the beginning of planned economic development.

Q7: Target Area Planning aims to promote development in ___________ areas.
Ans: Specific
Target Area Planning aims to promote development in specific geographical areas, addressing their unique needs and challenges.

Q8: The Hill Area Development Programme focuses on areas with an altitude above ___________ meters.
Ans: 600
The Hill Area Development Programme focuses on areas with an altitude above 600 meters, concentrating on hilly terrains for targeted development.

Q9: The Fifth Five Year Plan identified ___________ districts for hill area development in India.
Ans: 15
The Fifth Five Year Plan identified 15 districts for hill area development in India, focusing on economic upliftment in these regions.

Q10: Target Group Programmes include support for specific groups such as the ___________ Farmers Development Agency.
Ans: Small
Target Group Programmes include support for specific groups such as the Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA), aiming to enhance the livelihoods of marginalized farming communities.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: The Drought Prone Area Programme mainly focused on agricultural development.
Reason: Alternative employment opportunities were not considered during its implementation.
(a) True, R is the correct explanation of A
(b) True, R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) False, R is the correct explanation of A
(d) False, R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: (a)
The assertion is true because the Drought Prone Area Programme primarily focused on agricultural development. The reason is also correct as it explains that alternative employment opportunities were not considered, which is why the program mainly focused on agriculture.

Q2: Assertion: Sustainable development involves preserving resources only for the present generation.
Reason: Sustainable development focuses on the economic aspect primarily.
(a) True, R is the correct explanation of A
(b) True, R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) False, R is the correct explanation of A
(d) False, R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: (d)
The assertion is false because sustainable development aims to preserve resources not only for the present but also for future generations. The reason is correct as it states that sustainable development does not primarily focus on the economic aspect but rather on a balance between economic, social, and ecological aspects.

Q3: Assertion: The Integrated Tribal Development Project led to significant improvements in literacy rates in Bharmaur.
Reason: Economic benefits were the primary focus of this project.
(a) True, R is the correct explanation of A
(b) True, R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) False, R is the correct explanation of A
(d) False, R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: (a)
The assertion is true because the Integrated Tribal Development Project did lead to significant improvements in literacy rates in Bharmaur. The reason is also correct as it mentions that economic benefits were the primary focus of the project, which helps explain the improvement in literacy rates.

Q4: Assertion: The Hill Area Development Programme aimed at promoting various industries in hilly regions.
Reason: The plans were tailored according to the topographical, ecological, and social conditions of hill areas.
(a) True, R is the correct explanation of A
(b) True, R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) False, R is the correct explanation of A
(d) False, R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: (b)
The assertion is true because the Hill Area Development Programme aimed to promote various industries in hilly regions. However, the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion because it correctly describes the approach of tailoring plans to the specific conditions of hill areas but does not explain the promotion of industries.

Q5: Assertion: The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation project had both positive and negative effects on the environment.
Reason: The project solely had negative impacts on the agricultural economy of the region.
(a) True, R is the correct explanation of A
(b) True, R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) False, R is the correct explanation of A
(d) False, R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: (d)
The assertion is true as the Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation project had both positive and negative effects on the environment. The reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion because it incorrectly states that the project solely had negative impacts on the agricultural economy when it had both positive and negative effects.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: What are the two planning approaches mentioned in the text?
Ans: The two planning approaches mentioned in the text are top-down planning and bottom-up planning.

Q2: Name any two Target Area Programmes.
Ans: Two Target Area Programmes are Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP) and Hill Area Development Programme (HADP).

Q3: What is the main objective of the Drought Prone Area Programme?
Ans: The main objective of the Drought Prone Area Programme is to provide relief and support to areas prone to drought and ensure sustainable development in those regions.

Q4: Which regions in India were identified as drought-prone?
Ans: Regions in India such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu were identified as drought-prone.

Q5: Name the physiographic divisions of the Bharmaur region.
Ans: The physiographic divisions of the Bharmaur region are Outer Himalayas and Inner Himalayas.

Q6: When was Bharmaur identified as one of the Integrated Tribal Development Projects?
Ans: Bharmaur was identified as one of the Integrated Tribal Development Projects in 1975.

Q7: What does ITDP stand for?
Ans: ITDP stands for Integrated Tribal Development Programme.

Q8: Name any two infrastructural facilities developed under the tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur.
Ans: Two infrastructural facilities developed under the tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur are roads and schools.

Q9: What was the main focus of the Hill Area Development Programme?
Ans: The main focus of the Hill Area Development Programme was to promote economic development and improve the quality of life in hilly regions.

Q10: How does sustainable development balance economic, social, and ecological aspects?
Ans: Sustainable development balances economic, social, and ecological aspects by ensuring that economic growth is environmentally friendly, social development is inclusive and equitable, and ecological resources are conserved for future generations.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain the key difference between the "Target Area" and "Target Group" approaches to planning.
Ans: The key difference between the "Target Area" and "Target Group" approaches to planning lies in their focus. The Target Area approach aims to uplift a specific geographical area that is deemed to be backward or underdeveloped. The planning and development efforts are concentrated on improving the infrastructure, services, and standard of living in that particular area. On the other hand, the Target Group approach focuses on uplifting a specific group of people who are considered to be disadvantaged or marginalized. The planning and development efforts are directed towards addressing the specific needs and requirements of the target group, such as women, children, farmers, or tribal communities. Both approaches aim to bring about positive change, but their strategies differ based on their respective targets.

Q2: Discuss the main objectives of the Drought Prone Area Development Program and its impact on ecological sustainability.
Ans: The main objectives of the Drought Prone Area Development Program (DPAP) are to mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the vulnerability of drought-prone areas, and enhance the overall ecological sustainability of these regions. DPAP aims to improve the natural resource base, promote sustainable agricultural practices, and provide alternative livelihood opportunities to the people living in drought-prone areas. By implementing soil and water conservation measures, promoting afforestation, and introducing drought-resistant crop varieties, DPAP seeks to enhance the resilience of the ecosystem and reduce soil erosion. The program also focuses on building community capacity and awareness regarding sustainable land and water management practices. Through its various interventions, DPAP aims to ensure the long-term ecological sustainability of drought-prone areas.

Q3: Describe the area and life of people in the Bharmaur region.
Ans: The Bharmaur region is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. It is situated in the Himalayas and is characterized by its rugged terrain and scenic beauty. The region is predominantly rural, with agriculture being the primary occupation of the people. The local economy is largely dependent on livestock rearing, farming, and horticulture. The people of Bharmaur lead a simple and traditional lifestyle, deeply rooted in their cultural heritage. They follow their age-old customs and practices, with the majority of the population being Hindus. The region is known for its religious significance, with several ancient temples and monasteries attracting pilgrims and tourists. The people of Bharmaur have a close connection with nature and have adapted to the challenges posed by the mountainous environment.

Q4: Explain the accomplishments of the tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur.
Ans: The tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur has achieved significant accomplishments in improving the socio-economic conditions of the tribal communities in the region. Some of the key accomplishments include providing access to education and healthcare facilities, promoting sustainable livelihood options, and preserving the cultural heritage of the tribal communities. Under the tribal sub-plan, schools have been established, scholarships have been provided, and vocational training programs have been implemented to empower tribal youth. The healthcare infrastructure has been strengthened, with the establishment of healthcare centers and mobile medical units. Efforts have also been made to promote sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts as alternative livelihood options. The tribal sub-plan has played a crucial role in enhancing the overall well-being and empowerment of the tribal communities in Bharmaur.

Q5: Provide an overview of the historical development of Five Year Plans in India.
Ans: The Five Year Plans in India were first introduced in 1951 with the aim of promoting balanced and inclusive economic growth across various sectors. These plans are comprehensive blueprints that outline the country's development goals and allocate resources accordingly. The Five Year Plans were initially influenced by the Soviet model of centralized planning. The early plans focused on agrarian reforms, industrialization, and infrastructure development. Over the years, the plans evolved to address emerging challenges and priorities, such as poverty alleviation, employment generation, and social welfare. The plans also incorporated environmental concerns and sustainable development goals. India has completed twelve Five Year Plans so far, with the current focus being on achieving sustainable and inclusive growth through various policy initiatives and schemes.

Q6: What are the aims of sustainable development, and why is it important?
Ans: The aims of sustainable development are to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection. The key objectives of sustainable development include reducing poverty and inequality, promoting social justice, ensuring environmental sustainability, and fostering economic prosperity. Sustainable development is important because it addresses the interrelated challenges of poverty, climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. It seeks to create a harmonious and equitable society, where economic development is pursued in a way that is environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive. By adopting sustainable development practices, we can ensure a better quality of life for present and future generations.

Q7: Describe the measures proposed for achieving sustainable development in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Ans: Several measures have been proposed for achieving sustainable development in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area. These include promoting efficient water management practices, implementing soil conservation measures, encouraging sustainable agriculture, and promoting alternative livelihood options. The canal command area faces the challenge of water scarcity, and therefore, efficient water management practices like drip irrigation and micro-irrigation are being encouraged to optimize water usage. Soil conservation measures such as terracing, contour plowing, and afforestation are being implemented to prevent soil erosion. Sustainable agriculture practices, including organic farming and the use of biofertilizers, are being promoted to minimize the use of chemical inputs and protect the environment. Additionally, alternative livelihood options like agroforestry, horticulture, and animal husbandry are being encouraged to diversify income sources and reduce dependence on agriculture.

Q8: Discuss the positive and negative effects of the Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation project on the environment and agriculture.
Ans: The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigation project has both positive and negative effects on the environment and agriculture. On the positive side, the project has significantly increased agricultural productivity in the region by providing a reliable source of water for irrigation. It has contributed to increased crop yields, improved food security, and enhanced rural livelihoods. The canal has also facilitated the cultivation of cash crops and commercial farming, leading to increased income opportunities for farmers. However, there are negative effects as well. The large-scale diversion of water from rivers has resulted in the depletion of water resources and the drying up of downstream areas. This has negatively impacted the ecology of the region, leading to the loss of biodiversity and wetland habitats. The overuse of water for irrigation has also led to soil salinity and waterlogging problems in certain areas, affecting crop productivity. Additionally, the construction of the canal has caused displacement and disruption of local communities and their traditional way of life.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain the concept of development and how it has evolved over time.
Ans: The concept of development refers to the process of improvement and progress in various aspects of human life, such as social, economic, political, and environmental conditions. It involves the enhancement of living standards, access to basic needs, and the overall well-being of individuals and communities.

• Over time, the concept of development has evolved significantly. Initially, development was primarily measured in terms of economic growth, focusing on increasing GDP, industrialization, and infrastructure development. This approach, known as the 'modernization' theory, aimed to emulate the Western model of development.
• However, criticisms arose regarding the negative impacts of this approach on social and environmental aspects. This led to the emergence of alternative development paradigms, such as sustainable development. Sustainable development emphasizes the need to balance economic growth with social equity and environmental conservation.
• Moreover, the concept of development has expanded to include broader dimensions, such as human development, which focuses on improving education, healthcare, and quality of life. It also incorporates participatory and inclusive approaches, recognizing the importance of involving local communities in decision-making processes.

Overall, the concept of development has evolved from a narrow focus on economic growth to a more comprehensive and sustainable approach that takes into account social, environmental, and human aspects of well-being.

Q2: Provide a detailed account of the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project, including its construction stages, irrigation systems, and its impact on the environment and agriculture.
Ans: The Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project is a significant irrigation project in India. It aims to provide water for irrigation to the arid regions of Rajasthan, transforming them into fertile agricultural lands. The project was initiated in 1958 and completed in 1988.

• The construction stages of the project involved several key steps. Firstly, a 445-kilometer-long canal was constructed, diverting water from the Beas and Sutlej rivers in Punjab to the Thar Desert in Rajasthan. The canal passes through various districts, including Bikaner, Jaisalmer, and Barmer. It also includes numerous branch canals and distributaries to ensure water supply to agricultural fields.
• The irrigation systems in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project include flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. Flood irrigation involves releasing water into fields, allowing it to flood the surface. Sprinkler irrigation, on the other hand, uses sprinklers to distribute water evenly over the crops.

While the project has significantly increased agricultural production and improved the socio-economic conditions of the region, it has also had some negative impacts on the environment. The extensive use of groundwater for irrigation has led to the depletion of water tables in some areas. Additionally, the increased agricultural activity has resulted in soil erosion and reduced soil fertility. The project has also disrupted the natural flow of rivers and altered the local ecosystem.

Q3: Discuss the impact of the Integrated Tribal Development Project on the socio-economic development of the Bharmaur region.
Ans: The Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) has had a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the Bharmaur region. ITDP is a government initiative aimed at improving the living conditions of tribal communities.

• One of the main impacts of the project has been the improvement in infrastructure and basic amenities. The construction of roads, schools, healthcare facilities, and drinking water supply systems has enhanced the accessibility and quality of essential services in the region. This has resulted in better education and healthcare outcomes for the tribal population.
• The ITDP has also focused on promoting livelihood opportunities for the tribal communities. It has implemented various income generation programs, such as skill development training, agricultural support, and entrepreneurship promotion. These initiatives have helped in reducing poverty, increasing income levels, and creating employment opportunities for the tribal population.
• Moreover, the project has emphasized the preservation and promotion of tribal culture and heritage. Efforts have been made to revive traditional crafts, promote cultural festivals, and provide platforms for showcasing tribal art forms. This has not only preserved the rich cultural heritage of the region but has also contributed to cultural tourism, creating additional income sources for the tribal communities.

Overall, the ITDP has played a crucial role in improving the socio-economic conditions of the Bharmaur region. It has brought about positive changes in infrastructure, livelihoods, and cultural preservation, empowering the tribal communities and fostering their overall development.

Q4: Analyze the challenges and potential solutions related to achieving sustainable development in the context of the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project.
Ans: The Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project faces several challenges in achieving sustainable development. One of the main challenges is the overexploitation of groundwater resources. The extensive use of groundwater for irrigation has led to the depletion of water tables, which poses a threat to the long-term sustainability of the project. To address this challenge, it is crucial to promote efficient water management practices, such as adopting drip irrigation techniques and encouraging water conservation measures among farmers.

• Another challenge is the environmental impact of the project. The alteration of natural river flows and the increased agricultural activity have resulted in soil erosion, reduced soil fertility, and changes in the local ecosystem. To mitigate these impacts, it is essential to implement sustainable land management practices, such as contour plowing, agroforestry, and watershed management. These practices can help in soil conservation, biodiversity preservation, and ecological restoration.
• Furthermore, the social and economic implications of the project need to be addressed to ensure inclusive and equitable development. The project should focus on empowering local communities, especially marginalized groups, through capacity building, access to credit, and market linkages. It is also important to prioritize the welfare of farmers and ensure fair pricing mechanisms for agricultural produce.

In conclusion, achieving sustainable development in the context of the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area project requires addressing challenges related to groundwater depletion, environmental impact, and social equity. By promoting efficient water management, implementing sustainable land practices, and prioritizing the welfare of local communities, the project can move towards a more sustainable and inclusive development path.