Worksheet Solutions: Plant and Animal Tissues | Biology Class 7 ICSE PDF Download

Part A – Multiple Choice Questions

Q1. Which of the following tissues helps in the upward transport of water and minerals in plants?

(a) Phloem

(b) Parenchyma

(c) Xylem

(d) Collenchyma
Answer: (c) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem vessels and tracheids form tubes to carry water and minerals upward from roots to leaves.

Q2. The flexible support in leaf stalks is provided by:

(a) Sclerenchyma

(b) Collenchyma

(c) Phloem

(d) Bone
Answer: (b) Collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma has thickened cell walls at corners, giving support but allowing bending without breaking.

Q3. Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of kidney tubules?

(a) Squamous epithelium

(b) Cuboidal epithelium

(c) Columnar epithelium

(d) Ciliated epithelium
Answer: (b) Cuboidal epithelium
Explanation: Cube-like cells line kidney tubules and help in absorption and secretion.

Q4. Which connective tissue joins muscle to bone?

(a) Ligament

(b) Tendon

(c) Cartilage

(d) Adipose tissue
Answer: (b) Tendon
Explanation: Tendons are strong, fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones.

Q5. The heartbeat continues without fatigue due to:

(a) Striated muscles

(b) Smooth muscles

(c) Cardiac muscles

(d) Skeletal muscles
Answer: (c) Cardiac muscles
Explanation: Cardiac muscles are involuntary, striated, branched, and never tire. They are only found in the heart.

Part B – Short Answer Questions

Q6. Define meristematic tissue and state where it is found.
Answer: Meristematic tissue is made of actively dividing cells. It is found at tips of roots, shoots, and in cambium.
Explanation: These tissues add new cells, helping the plant to grow in length and thickness.

Q7. Differentiate between parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Answer:

• Parenchyma: Living, thin-walled, with intercellular spaces; stores food; may contain chlorophyll.

• Sclerenchyma: Dead, thick-walled, long narrow cells; provides rigidity and strength.
  Explanation: Parenchyma is for storage and basic functions, while sclerenchyma is for strength.

Q8. What are ligaments? How are they different from tendons?
Answer: Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone. They are rich in yellow fibers.
Difference: Tendons join muscle to bone and are rich in white fibers.
Explanation: Both provide strength but connect different structures.

Q9. Name the four types of animal tissues.
Answer: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous tissues.
Explanation: These form the covering, support, movement, and communication system of the body.

Q10. State one function each of:
(a) Xylem, (b) Phloem.
Answer:

• (a) Xylem → Conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves.

• (b) Phloem → Transports food from leaves to other parts.
  Explanation: Together they form the vascular system of plants.

Part C – Long Answer Questions 

Q11.Describe simple permanent tissues in plants with examples.

Ans: Simple permanent tissues are made of only one type of cells which are similar in structure and perform the same function. These tissues form the bulk of the plant body and give protection, support, and strength to plants. They do not divide and remain permanent in nature.

There are three main types of simple permanent tissues:

1. Parenchyma

• Structure: Composed of large, thin-walled living cells with intercellular spaces.

• Function: Stores food, helps in photosynthesis (when containing chlorophyll), and gives buoyancy in aquatic plants.

• Example: Found in soft parts like the pith of stems, leaves, and potato tubers (where they store starch).

2. Collenchyma

• Structure: Made up of living cells that are elongated with cell walls thickened at the corners.

• Function: Provides flexible support to the plant. It allows bending without breaking.

• Example: Found in leaf stalks and below the epidermis of stems.

3. Sclerenchyma

• Structure: Consists of long, narrow, thick-walled dead cells without intercellular spaces.

• Function: Provides rigid mechanical strength to plant parts and makes them hard.

• Example: Found in stems, hard covering of seeds, and veins of leaves.

Q12. Explain the differences between xylem and phloem.
Answer:

Plants need special tissues to transport food and water. These tissues are called complex permanent tissues. The two main types are xylem and phloem.

1. Xylem

• Function: It carries water and minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant.

• Structure: It is made up of dead tubular cells placed end-to-end. The walls are thick, and partitions dissolve to form long channels.

• Components: Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.

• Direction of flow: Conduction is unidirectional (only upwards from roots to leaves).

• Extra note: Old xylem forms wood and does not take part in conduction.

2. Phloem

• Function: It carries the food made in leaves to all other parts of the plant.

• Structure: It consists of tubular cells lined with living cells.

• Components: Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.

• Direction of flow: Conduction is bidirectional (both upwards and downwards from leaves).

Q13. Write a short note on the three types of muscular tissue in animals.

Muscular tissue in animals helps in movement, locomotion, and functioning of internal organs. Muscles are made of elongated cells called muscle fibers that can contract and relax. There are three types of muscular tissue:

1. Striated Muscles (Skeletal or Voluntary Muscles)

• Structure: Long, cylindrical fibers with light and dark bands (striations). They are multinucleated.

• Control: They are under the control of our will, hence called voluntary muscles.

• Function: Help in body movements like walking, running, lifting, etc.

• Example: Muscles of arms, legs, face.

2. Unstriated Muscles (Smooth or Involuntary Muscles)

• Structure: Spindle-shaped fibers, without striations, single nucleus.

• Control: They are not under our will, hence called involuntary muscles.

• Function: Control internal organ movements like contraction of the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.

• Example: Muscles of stomach, intestine, urinary bladder.

3. Cardiac Muscles

• Structure: Branched and striated fibers with a single nucleus. Found only in the heart.

• Control: They work involuntarily, i.e., not under our will.

• Function: Contract and relax continuously throughout life to pump blood without getting tired.

• Example: Muscles of the heart.