Yojana Magazine October 2023 - 1 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


vk/kjHkwr lajpuk
vDVwcj 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
Page 2


vk/kjHkwr lajpuk
vDVwcj 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
jhxj vkSj f'kYidkj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ 
dk;Zcy dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSaA vius 
gkFkksa vkSj vkStkjksa ls dke djus okys ;s 
yksx vDlj ij Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA bUgsa vkerkSj ij 
vukSipkfjd ;k vlaxfBr {ks=k dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA bu 
ikjaifjd dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks ^fo'odekZ* dgk tkrk 
gS vkSj ;s yksgkj] lqukj] oqQEgkj] c<+bZ] ewfrZdkj vkfn O;olk;ksa 
esa yxs gq, gSaA ;s dkS'ky ;k O;olk; ikjaifjd çf'k{k.k osQ 
xq#&f'k"; ekWMy dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ifjokjksa osQ Hkhrj vkSj 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ vU; vukSipkfjd lewgksa osQ Hkhrj 
,d ih<+h ls nwljh ih<+h rd igqaprs gSaA 
bl i`’Hkwfe esa] ^ih,e fo'odekZ* uked ,d ubZ ;kstuk 
dk mís'; dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh 
igqap osQ lkFk&lkFk xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr 
djuk gS fd fo'odekZ ?kjsyw vkSj oSf'od ewY;  Ük`a•yk esa 
'kkfey gksaA bl ;kstuk dk y{; fo'odekZvksa] ;kuh dkjhxjksa 
vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks lexz leFkZu çnku djuk gS] rkfd os 
vius lacafèkr O;kikj esa ewY;  Ük`a•yk dks vkxs c<+kus esa l{ke 
gks losQaA ;g dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa }kjk bu O;olk;ksa dks 
djus osQ rjhosQ esa xq.kkRed cnyko yk,xk vkSj blls mudh 
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk muosQ thou dh 
xq.koÙkk esa Hkh lqèkkj gksxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwjh rjg ls foÙk iksf"kr ,d osQaæh; {ks=k 
;kstuk osQ :i esa ih,e fo'odekZ dks 13]000 djksM+ #i;s 
ih,e fo'odekZ
osQ çkjafHkd ifjO;; osQ lkFk ykxw fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk 
lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky;] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj 
m|ferk ea=kky; vkSj foÙkh; lsok foHkkx rFkk foÙk ea=kky;] 
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk la;qDr :i ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA çkjaHk 
esa ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk dks 2027&28 rd ikap lky osQ 
fy, ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; mu fo'odekZvksa dks dbZ ykHk 
çnku djuk gS] tks ;k rks Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gSa ;k vius Lo;a 
osQ NksVs iSekus osQ m|e LFkkfir djus dk bjknk j•rs gSaA bl 
;kstuk osQ ekè;e ls ,sls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks çnku dh tkus okyh 
lgk;rk u osQoy lkaLÑfrd dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa] ih<+hxr dkS'ky 
vkSj xq#&f'k"; ijaijk osQ laj{k.k esa ;ksxnku nsxh] cfYd mUgsa 
,d igpku vkSj ekU;rk Hkh çnku djsxhA ih,e fo'odekZ 
,d lexz ;kstuk gS] ftlesa 1) ekU;rk% ih,e fo'odekZ 
çek.ki=k vkSj vkbZMh dkMZ] 2) dkS'ky mÂ;u] 3) VwyfdV 
çksRlkgu] 4) ØsfMV leFkZu] 5) fMftVy ysunsu osQ fy, 
çksRlkgu vkSj 6) foi.ku leFkZu tSls ?kVdksa osQ ekè;e ls 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks 'kq: ls var rd lgk;rk çnku 
djus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
;kstuk osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ ekè;e ls] ;g mEehn dh tkrh 
gS fd ykHkkFkhZ tks orZeku esa vlaxfBr {ks=k esa m|fe;ksa osQ :i 
esa dke dj jgs gSa] os vius lapkyu dks c<+kus] vius midj.kksa 
vkSj O;olk; dk vkèkqfudhdj.k@mÂ;u djus esa l{ke gksaxs] 
vkSj ,d m|eh osQ :i esa vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa ços'k 
dj losQaxs vkSj jk‘ª fuekZ.k osQ c`gn y{; osQ çfr 
viuk ;ksxnku dj losQaxsA
ih,e fo'odekZ osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, jkԻh;] 
jkT; vkSj ftyk Lrj ij ,d f=k&Lrjh; dk;kZUo;u 
lajpuk] ;kuh jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr] jkT; fuxjkuh 
lfefr vkSj ftyk dk;kZUo;u lfefr fuèkkZfjr 
dh xbZ gSA jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr }kjk ;kstuk 
osQ ifjpkyu lacaèkh fn'kkfunZs'k rS;kj fd, tk,axs 
vkSj lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky; }kjk 
vuqeksfnr fd, tk,axs] ftlesa iathdj.k ls ysdj 
ykHk osQ forj.k rd dh çfØ;k vkSj VsEIysV 'kkfey  
gSaA ,d vkWuykbu fuxjkuh ç.kkyh Hkh LFkkfir  
dh tk,xhA ?
lzksr% pmvishwakarma.gov.in
dk
 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?
Page 3


vk/kjHkwr lajpuk
vDVwcj 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
jhxj vkSj f'kYidkj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ 
dk;Zcy dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSaA vius 
gkFkksa vkSj vkStkjksa ls dke djus okys ;s 
yksx vDlj ij Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA bUgsa vkerkSj ij 
vukSipkfjd ;k vlaxfBr {ks=k dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA bu 
ikjaifjd dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks ^fo'odekZ* dgk tkrk 
gS vkSj ;s yksgkj] lqukj] oqQEgkj] c<+bZ] ewfrZdkj vkfn O;olk;ksa 
esa yxs gq, gSaA ;s dkS'ky ;k O;olk; ikjaifjd çf'k{k.k osQ 
xq#&f'k"; ekWMy dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ifjokjksa osQ Hkhrj vkSj 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ vU; vukSipkfjd lewgksa osQ Hkhrj 
,d ih<+h ls nwljh ih<+h rd igqaprs gSaA 
bl i`’Hkwfe esa] ^ih,e fo'odekZ* uked ,d ubZ ;kstuk 
dk mís'; dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh 
igqap osQ lkFk&lkFk xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr 
djuk gS fd fo'odekZ ?kjsyw vkSj oSf'od ewY;  Ük`a•yk esa 
'kkfey gksaA bl ;kstuk dk y{; fo'odekZvksa] ;kuh dkjhxjksa 
vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks lexz leFkZu çnku djuk gS] rkfd os 
vius lacafèkr O;kikj esa ewY;  Ük`a•yk dks vkxs c<+kus esa l{ke 
gks losQaA ;g dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa }kjk bu O;olk;ksa dks 
djus osQ rjhosQ esa xq.kkRed cnyko yk,xk vkSj blls mudh 
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk muosQ thou dh 
xq.koÙkk esa Hkh lqèkkj gksxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwjh rjg ls foÙk iksf"kr ,d osQaæh; {ks=k 
;kstuk osQ :i esa ih,e fo'odekZ dks 13]000 djksM+ #i;s 
ih,e fo'odekZ
osQ çkjafHkd ifjO;; osQ lkFk ykxw fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk 
lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky;] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj 
m|ferk ea=kky; vkSj foÙkh; lsok foHkkx rFkk foÙk ea=kky;] 
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk la;qDr :i ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA çkjaHk 
esa ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk dks 2027&28 rd ikap lky osQ 
fy, ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; mu fo'odekZvksa dks dbZ ykHk 
çnku djuk gS] tks ;k rks Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gSa ;k vius Lo;a 
osQ NksVs iSekus osQ m|e LFkkfir djus dk bjknk j•rs gSaA bl 
;kstuk osQ ekè;e ls ,sls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks çnku dh tkus okyh 
lgk;rk u osQoy lkaLÑfrd dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa] ih<+hxr dkS'ky 
vkSj xq#&f'k"; ijaijk osQ laj{k.k esa ;ksxnku nsxh] cfYd mUgsa 
,d igpku vkSj ekU;rk Hkh çnku djsxhA ih,e fo'odekZ 
,d lexz ;kstuk gS] ftlesa 1) ekU;rk% ih,e fo'odekZ 
çek.ki=k vkSj vkbZMh dkMZ] 2) dkS'ky mÂ;u] 3) VwyfdV 
çksRlkgu] 4) ØsfMV leFkZu] 5) fMftVy ysunsu osQ fy, 
çksRlkgu vkSj 6) foi.ku leFkZu tSls ?kVdksa osQ ekè;e ls 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks 'kq: ls var rd lgk;rk çnku 
djus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
;kstuk osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ ekè;e ls] ;g mEehn dh tkrh 
gS fd ykHkkFkhZ tks orZeku esa vlaxfBr {ks=k esa m|fe;ksa osQ :i 
esa dke dj jgs gSa] os vius lapkyu dks c<+kus] vius midj.kksa 
vkSj O;olk; dk vkèkqfudhdj.k@mÂ;u djus esa l{ke gksaxs] 
vkSj ,d m|eh osQ :i esa vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa ços'k 
dj losQaxs vkSj jk‘ª fuekZ.k osQ c`gn y{; osQ çfr 
viuk ;ksxnku dj losQaxsA
ih,e fo'odekZ osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, jkԻh;] 
jkT; vkSj ftyk Lrj ij ,d f=k&Lrjh; dk;kZUo;u 
lajpuk] ;kuh jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr] jkT; fuxjkuh 
lfefr vkSj ftyk dk;kZUo;u lfefr fuèkkZfjr 
dh xbZ gSA jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr }kjk ;kstuk 
osQ ifjpkyu lacaèkh fn'kkfunZs'k rS;kj fd, tk,axs 
vkSj lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky; }kjk 
vuqeksfnr fd, tk,axs] ftlesa iathdj.k ls ysdj 
ykHk osQ forj.k rd dh çfØ;k vkSj VsEIysV 'kkfey  
gSaA ,d vkWuykbu fuxjkuh ç.kkyh Hkh LFkkfir  
dh tk,xhA ?
lzksr% pmvishwakarma.gov.in
dk
 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?
3 ??? ?? ?? 2023
fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch rFkk mnwZ 
esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  67
vad %  10
vDVwcj 2023
vkf'ou&dkfrZd] 'kd laor~ 1945
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i`"B %  60
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQUnzksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 58
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ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110003
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
Mh osQ lh ân;ukFk
vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa 
o Iyku dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&52 
ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
u;h fnYyh&110003
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C-II C-III
Page 4


vk/kjHkwr lajpuk
vDVwcj 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
jhxj vkSj f'kYidkj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ 
dk;Zcy dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSaA vius 
gkFkksa vkSj vkStkjksa ls dke djus okys ;s 
yksx vDlj ij Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA bUgsa vkerkSj ij 
vukSipkfjd ;k vlaxfBr {ks=k dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA bu 
ikjaifjd dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks ^fo'odekZ* dgk tkrk 
gS vkSj ;s yksgkj] lqukj] oqQEgkj] c<+bZ] ewfrZdkj vkfn O;olk;ksa 
esa yxs gq, gSaA ;s dkS'ky ;k O;olk; ikjaifjd çf'k{k.k osQ 
xq#&f'k"; ekWMy dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ifjokjksa osQ Hkhrj vkSj 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ vU; vukSipkfjd lewgksa osQ Hkhrj 
,d ih<+h ls nwljh ih<+h rd igqaprs gSaA 
bl i`’Hkwfe esa] ^ih,e fo'odekZ* uked ,d ubZ ;kstuk 
dk mís'; dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh 
igqap osQ lkFk&lkFk xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr 
djuk gS fd fo'odekZ ?kjsyw vkSj oSf'od ewY;  Ük`a•yk esa 
'kkfey gksaA bl ;kstuk dk y{; fo'odekZvksa] ;kuh dkjhxjksa 
vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks lexz leFkZu çnku djuk gS] rkfd os 
vius lacafèkr O;kikj esa ewY;  Ük`a•yk dks vkxs c<+kus esa l{ke 
gks losQaA ;g dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa }kjk bu O;olk;ksa dks 
djus osQ rjhosQ esa xq.kkRed cnyko yk,xk vkSj blls mudh 
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk muosQ thou dh 
xq.koÙkk esa Hkh lqèkkj gksxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwjh rjg ls foÙk iksf"kr ,d osQaæh; {ks=k 
;kstuk osQ :i esa ih,e fo'odekZ dks 13]000 djksM+ #i;s 
ih,e fo'odekZ
osQ çkjafHkd ifjO;; osQ lkFk ykxw fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk 
lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky;] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj 
m|ferk ea=kky; vkSj foÙkh; lsok foHkkx rFkk foÙk ea=kky;] 
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk la;qDr :i ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA çkjaHk 
esa ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk dks 2027&28 rd ikap lky osQ 
fy, ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; mu fo'odekZvksa dks dbZ ykHk 
çnku djuk gS] tks ;k rks Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gSa ;k vius Lo;a 
osQ NksVs iSekus osQ m|e LFkkfir djus dk bjknk j•rs gSaA bl 
;kstuk osQ ekè;e ls ,sls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks çnku dh tkus okyh 
lgk;rk u osQoy lkaLÑfrd dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa] ih<+hxr dkS'ky 
vkSj xq#&f'k"; ijaijk osQ laj{k.k esa ;ksxnku nsxh] cfYd mUgsa 
,d igpku vkSj ekU;rk Hkh çnku djsxhA ih,e fo'odekZ 
,d lexz ;kstuk gS] ftlesa 1) ekU;rk% ih,e fo'odekZ 
çek.ki=k vkSj vkbZMh dkMZ] 2) dkS'ky mÂ;u] 3) VwyfdV 
çksRlkgu] 4) ØsfMV leFkZu] 5) fMftVy ysunsu osQ fy, 
çksRlkgu vkSj 6) foi.ku leFkZu tSls ?kVdksa osQ ekè;e ls 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks 'kq: ls var rd lgk;rk çnku 
djus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
;kstuk osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ ekè;e ls] ;g mEehn dh tkrh 
gS fd ykHkkFkhZ tks orZeku esa vlaxfBr {ks=k esa m|fe;ksa osQ :i 
esa dke dj jgs gSa] os vius lapkyu dks c<+kus] vius midj.kksa 
vkSj O;olk; dk vkèkqfudhdj.k@mÂ;u djus esa l{ke gksaxs] 
vkSj ,d m|eh osQ :i esa vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa ços'k 
dj losQaxs vkSj jk‘ª fuekZ.k osQ c`gn y{; osQ çfr 
viuk ;ksxnku dj losQaxsA
ih,e fo'odekZ osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, jkԻh;] 
jkT; vkSj ftyk Lrj ij ,d f=k&Lrjh; dk;kZUo;u 
lajpuk] ;kuh jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr] jkT; fuxjkuh 
lfefr vkSj ftyk dk;kZUo;u lfefr fuèkkZfjr 
dh xbZ gSA jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr }kjk ;kstuk 
osQ ifjpkyu lacaèkh fn'kkfunZs'k rS;kj fd, tk,axs 
vkSj lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky; }kjk 
vuqeksfnr fd, tk,axs] ftlesa iathdj.k ls ysdj 
ykHk osQ forj.k rd dh çfØ;k vkSj VsEIysV 'kkfey  
gSaA ,d vkWuykbu fuxjkuh ç.kkyh Hkh LFkkfir  
dh tk,xhA ?
lzksr% pmvishwakarma.gov.in
dk
 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?
3 ??? ?? ?? 2023
fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch rFkk mnwZ 
esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  67
vad %  10
vDVwcj 2023
vkf'ou&dkfrZd] 'kd laor~ 1945
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ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
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;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
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fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
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osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
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fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
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esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
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laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa 
o Iyku dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&52 
ij ns[ksaA
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if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
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(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
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fjogu dh ,d lqO;ofLFkr vkSj lefUor ç.kkyh ns'k osQ lrr vkfFkZd fodkl esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ns'k dh 
orZeku ifjogu ç.kkyh esa jsy] lM+d] rVh; ukSogu] gokbZ ifjogu vkfn dbZ ekè;e 'kkfey gSaA fiNys oqQN o"kks± 
esa ifjogu us usVodZ osQ foLrkj vkSj vkmViqV nksuksa esa mYys•uh; o`f¼ ntZ dh gSA jsyos vkSj ukxfjd mM~M;u dks NksM+dj 
tgktjkuh ea=kky; vkSj lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ ea=kky; ij ifjogu osQ fofHk ekè;eksa osQ fodkl osQ fy, uhfr;ksa vkSj 
dk;ZØeksa dh jpuk vkSj dk;kZUo;u dk nkf;Ro gSA
iwjs ns'k esa eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh vkSj vafre Nksj rd igqap (ykLV ekby dusfDVfoVh) osQ vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk 
fuekZ.k dh vko';drk FkhA ifjogu dh cgqiz.kkyh (eYVheksMy) ds dkj.k <qykbZ ykxr esa deh] fu;kZr çfrLièkkZRedrk 
esa c<+ksrjh vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk esa mPp fuos'k] fodkl vkSj jkstxkj l`tu dk ,d pØ lqfuf'pr gksxkA lexz ;kstuk 
dks laLFkkxr cukus] fofHk ea=kky;ksa dh ekStwnk çxfr osQ ,dhdj.k vkSj lefUor ifj;kstuk dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ih,e 
xfr'kfDr jkԻh; ekLVj Iyku ykWUp fd;k x;k Fkk tks Hkkjr osQ cqfu;knh <kaps dks cnyus osQ fy, ljdkj ds n`f"Vdks.k 
vkSj ^lgdkjh la?kokn* dks viukrk gS ftlds varxZr eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh] jln <qykbZ n{krk esa lqèkkj vkSj ns'k 
esa yksxksa] oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh fuckZèk vkoktkgh osQ fy, vko';d cqfu;knh <kaps dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk gSA 
vc tcfd Hkkjr us th20 osQ rgr jk‘ªksa osQ çHkko'kkyh vkSj lkèku lai lewg dk liQyrkiwoZd usr`Ro fd;k gS vkSj 
varfj{k vUos"k.k esa çxfr ntZ dh gS rks ;g mi;qDr le; gS tc le;] xfr vkSj ifjek.k osQ ifjçs{; esa vkèkkjHkwr 
lajpuk ij ppkZ dh tk,A
Hkkjr osQ ifjogu usVodks± esa le; osQ lkFk vkewy&pwy ifjorZu ns•k x;k gSA mUgksaus dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj fd;k gS] 
jln <qykbZ ykxr de dh gS] O;kikj esa lqxerk csgrj dh gS vkSj Hkkjr dks ,d çeq• vFkZO;oLFkk cuus esa enn dh gSA 
ih,e xfr'kfDr jk‘ªh; ekLVj Iyku osQ rgr vkfFkZd o`f¼ vkSj lrr fodkl osQ fy, ,d ifjorZudkjh i¼fr dks lkr batuksa  
}kjk lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS ;kuh jsyos_ lM+osQa_ canjxkg_ tyekxZ_ gokbZ vM~Ms_ tu ifjogu vkSj ykWftfLVDl volajpuk tks 
vkfFkZd ifjorZu] fuckZèk eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh vkSj jln <qykbZ n{krk lqfuf'pr dj jgs gSaA 
ih,e xfr 'kfDr esa Hkkjrekyk] lkxjekyk] varnZs'kh; tyekxZ] 'kq"d@Hkwfe canjxkg] mM+ku vkfn tSlh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk 
;kstuk,a 'kkfey gSaA oL=k DyLVj] iQkekZL;qfVdy DyLVj] j{kk xfy;kjs] bysDVªkWfud ikdZ] vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs] eNyh idM+us 
osQ DyLVj] Ñf"k {ks=k tSls vkfFkZd {ks=kksa dks doj fd;k tk jgk gS ftldk mís'; dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjrh; 
O;olk;ksa dks vfèkd çfrLièkhZ cukuk gSA os le; ij fMyhojh osQ fy, LFkkfud ;kstuk midj.k vkSj bestjh lfgr çkS|ksfxdh 
dk Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykHk mBkrs gSaA
uokpkjksa dk ykHk mBkdj vR;kèkqfud çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk mi;ksx djus dk mís'; Hkkjr esa vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dh n{krk esa 
lqèkkj djuk gSA Hkkjr dks fodkl vkSj dusfDVfoVh osQ ,d u, ;qx esa ys tkus dk oknk djus okyh ih,e xfr'kfDr ,d 
ifjorZudkjh igy gS tks Hkkjr osQ cqfu;knh <kaps osQ ifjn`'; dks iqu% ifjHkkf"kr djus dh {kerk j•rh gSA vc Hkkjr osQ fy, 
bl volj dks vkRelkr dk le; vk x;k gSA vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ij ;kstuk osQ bl vad osQ lkFk ge vius ikBdksa dks ,d 
,sls Hkfo"; dks tkuus osQ fy, vkeaf=kr djrs gSa tgka Hkkjr dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk osQoy ifjogu dk lkèkuksa rd lhfer ugha 
gS cfYd fodkl vkSj le`f¼ çkIr djus osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh vkSj vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk osQ ikjLifjd ;ksxnku dk vuqHko djus 
dk ,d ekxZ gSA ?
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Page 5


vk/kjHkwr lajpuk
vDVwcj 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
jhxj vkSj f'kYidkj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ 
dk;Zcy dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSaA vius 
gkFkksa vkSj vkStkjksa ls dke djus okys ;s 
yksx vDlj ij Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA bUgsa vkerkSj ij 
vukSipkfjd ;k vlaxfBr {ks=k dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA bu 
ikjaifjd dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks ^fo'odekZ* dgk tkrk 
gS vkSj ;s yksgkj] lqukj] oqQEgkj] c<+bZ] ewfrZdkj vkfn O;olk;ksa 
esa yxs gq, gSaA ;s dkS'ky ;k O;olk; ikjaifjd çf'k{k.k osQ 
xq#&f'k"; ekWMy dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ifjokjksa osQ Hkhrj vkSj 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ vU; vukSipkfjd lewgksa osQ Hkhrj 
,d ih<+h ls nwljh ih<+h rd igqaprs gSaA 
bl i`’Hkwfe esa] ^ih,e fo'odekZ* uked ,d ubZ ;kstuk 
dk mís'; dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa osQ mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh 
igqap osQ lkFk&lkFk xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr 
djuk gS fd fo'odekZ ?kjsyw vkSj oSf'od ewY;  Ük`a•yk esa 
'kkfey gksaA bl ;kstuk dk y{; fo'odekZvksa] ;kuh dkjhxjksa 
vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks lexz leFkZu çnku djuk gS] rkfd os 
vius lacafèkr O;kikj esa ewY;  Ük`a•yk dks vkxs c<+kus esa l{ke 
gks losQaA ;g dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa }kjk bu O;olk;ksa dks 
djus osQ rjhosQ esa xq.kkRed cnyko yk,xk vkSj blls mudh 
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk muosQ thou dh 
xq.koÙkk esa Hkh lqèkkj gksxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwjh rjg ls foÙk iksf"kr ,d osQaæh; {ks=k 
;kstuk osQ :i esa ih,e fo'odekZ dks 13]000 djksM+ #i;s 
ih,e fo'odekZ
osQ çkjafHkd ifjO;; osQ lkFk ykxw fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk 
lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky;] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj 
m|ferk ea=kky; vkSj foÙkh; lsok foHkkx rFkk foÙk ea=kky;] 
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk la;qDr :i ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA çkjaHk 
esa ih,e fo'odekZ ;kstuk dks 2027&28 rd ikap lky osQ 
fy, ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; mu fo'odekZvksa dks dbZ ykHk 
çnku djuk gS] tks ;k rks Lo&jkstxkj ls tqM+s gSa ;k vius Lo;a 
osQ NksVs iSekus osQ m|e LFkkfir djus dk bjknk j•rs gSaA bl 
;kstuk osQ ekè;e ls ,sls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks çnku dh tkus okyh 
lgk;rk u osQoy lkaLÑfrd dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa] ih<+hxr dkS'ky 
vkSj xq#&f'k"; ijaijk osQ laj{k.k esa ;ksxnku nsxh] cfYd mUgsa 
,d igpku vkSj ekU;rk Hkh çnku djsxhA ih,e fo'odekZ 
,d lexz ;kstuk gS] ftlesa 1) ekU;rk% ih,e fo'odekZ 
çek.ki=k vkSj vkbZMh dkMZ] 2) dkS'ky mÂ;u] 3) VwyfdV 
çksRlkgu] 4) ØsfMV leFkZu] 5) fMftVy ysunsu osQ fy, 
çksRlkgu vkSj 6) foi.ku leFkZu tSls ?kVdksa osQ ekè;e ls 
dkjhxjksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks 'kq: ls var rd lgk;rk çnku 
djus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
;kstuk osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ ekè;e ls] ;g mEehn dh tkrh 
gS fd ykHkkFkhZ tks orZeku esa vlaxfBr {ks=k esa m|fe;ksa osQ :i 
esa dke dj jgs gSa] os vius lapkyu dks c<+kus] vius midj.kksa 
vkSj O;olk; dk vkèkqfudhdj.k@mÂ;u djus esa l{ke gksaxs] 
vkSj ,d m|eh osQ :i esa vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa ços'k 
dj losQaxs vkSj jk‘ª fuekZ.k osQ c`gn y{; osQ çfr 
viuk ;ksxnku dj losQaxsA
ih,e fo'odekZ osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, jkԻh;] 
jkT; vkSj ftyk Lrj ij ,d f=k&Lrjh; dk;kZUo;u 
lajpuk] ;kuh jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr] jkT; fuxjkuh 
lfefr vkSj ftyk dk;kZUo;u lfefr fuèkkZfjr 
dh xbZ gSA jkԻh; lapkyu lfefr }kjk ;kstuk 
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vkSj lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky; }kjk 
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ykHk osQ forj.k rd dh çfØ;k vkSj VsEIysV 'kkfey  
gSaA ,d vkWuykbu fuxjkuh ç.kkyh Hkh LFkkfir  
dh tk,xhA ?
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esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  67
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vkf'ou&dkfrZd] 'kd laor~ 1945
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ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
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vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
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esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa 
o Iyku dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&52 
ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
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53
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23
35
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C-II C-III
5 ??? ?? ?? 2023
le;] xfr vkSj ifjek.k
fjogu dh ,d lqO;ofLFkr vkSj lefUor ç.kkyh ns'k osQ lrr vkfFkZd fodkl esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ns'k dh 
orZeku ifjogu ç.kkyh esa jsy] lM+d] rVh; ukSogu] gokbZ ifjogu vkfn dbZ ekè;e 'kkfey gSaA fiNys oqQN o"kks± 
esa ifjogu us usVodZ osQ foLrkj vkSj vkmViqV nksuksa esa mYys•uh; o`f¼ ntZ dh gSA jsyos vkSj ukxfjd mM~M;u dks NksM+dj 
tgktjkuh ea=kky; vkSj lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ ea=kky; ij ifjogu osQ fofHk ekè;eksa osQ fodkl osQ fy, uhfr;ksa vkSj 
dk;ZØeksa dh jpuk vkSj dk;kZUo;u dk nkf;Ro gSA
iwjs ns'k esa eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh vkSj vafre Nksj rd igqap (ykLV ekby dusfDVfoVh) osQ vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk 
fuekZ.k dh vko';drk FkhA ifjogu dh cgqiz.kkyh (eYVheksMy) ds dkj.k <qykbZ ykxr esa deh] fu;kZr çfrLièkkZRedrk 
esa c<+ksrjh vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk esa mPp fuos'k] fodkl vkSj jkstxkj l`tu dk ,d pØ lqfuf'pr gksxkA lexz ;kstuk 
dks laLFkkxr cukus] fofHk ea=kky;ksa dh ekStwnk çxfr osQ ,dhdj.k vkSj lefUor ifj;kstuk dk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ih,e 
xfr'kfDr jkԻh; ekLVj Iyku ykWUp fd;k x;k Fkk tks Hkkjr osQ cqfu;knh <kaps dks cnyus osQ fy, ljdkj ds n`f"Vdks.k 
vkSj ^lgdkjh la?kokn* dks viukrk gS ftlds varxZr eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh] jln <qykbZ n{krk esa lqèkkj vkSj ns'k 
esa yksxksa] oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh fuckZèk vkoktkgh osQ fy, vko';d cqfu;knh <kaps dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk gSA 
vc tcfd Hkkjr us th20 osQ rgr jk‘ªksa osQ çHkko'kkyh vkSj lkèku lai lewg dk liQyrkiwoZd usr`Ro fd;k gS vkSj 
varfj{k vUos"k.k esa çxfr ntZ dh gS rks ;g mi;qDr le; gS tc le;] xfr vkSj ifjek.k osQ ifjçs{; esa vkèkkjHkwr 
lajpuk ij ppkZ dh tk,A
Hkkjr osQ ifjogu usVodks± esa le; osQ lkFk vkewy&pwy ifjorZu ns•k x;k gSA mUgksaus dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj fd;k gS] 
jln <qykbZ ykxr de dh gS] O;kikj esa lqxerk csgrj dh gS vkSj Hkkjr dks ,d çeq• vFkZO;oLFkk cuus esa enn dh gSA 
ih,e xfr'kfDr jk‘ªh; ekLVj Iyku osQ rgr vkfFkZd o`f¼ vkSj lrr fodkl osQ fy, ,d ifjorZudkjh i¼fr dks lkr batuksa  
}kjk lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS ;kuh jsyos_ lM+osQa_ canjxkg_ tyekxZ_ gokbZ vM~Ms_ tu ifjogu vkSj ykWftfLVDl volajpuk tks 
vkfFkZd ifjorZu] fuckZèk eYVheksMy dusfDVfoVh vkSj jln <qykbZ n{krk lqfuf'pr dj jgs gSaA 
ih,e xfr 'kfDr esa Hkkjrekyk] lkxjekyk] varnZs'kh; tyekxZ] 'kq"d@Hkwfe canjxkg] mM+ku vkfn tSlh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk 
;kstuk,a 'kkfey gSaA oL=k DyLVj] iQkekZL;qfVdy DyLVj] j{kk xfy;kjs] bysDVªkWfud ikdZ] vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs] eNyh idM+us 
osQ DyLVj] Ñf"k {ks=k tSls vkfFkZd {ks=kksa dks doj fd;k tk jgk gS ftldk mís'; dusfDVfoVh esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjrh; 
O;olk;ksa dks vfèkd çfrLièkhZ cukuk gSA os le; ij fMyhojh osQ fy, LFkkfud ;kstuk midj.k vkSj bestjh lfgr çkS|ksfxdh 
dk Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykHk mBkrs gSaA
uokpkjksa dk ykHk mBkdj vR;kèkqfud çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk mi;ksx djus dk mís'; Hkkjr esa vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dh n{krk esa 
lqèkkj djuk gSA Hkkjr dks fodkl vkSj dusfDVfoVh osQ ,d u, ;qx esa ys tkus dk oknk djus okyh ih,e xfr'kfDr ,d 
ifjorZudkjh igy gS tks Hkkjr osQ cqfu;knh <kaps osQ ifjn`'; dks iqu% ifjHkkf"kr djus dh {kerk j•rh gSA vc Hkkjr osQ fy, 
bl volj dks vkRelkr dk le; vk x;k gSA vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ij ;kstuk osQ bl vad osQ lkFk ge vius ikBdksa dks ,d 
,sls Hkfo"; dks tkuus osQ fy, vkeaf=kr djrs gSa tgka Hkkjr dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk osQoy ifjogu dk lkèkuksa rd lhfer ugha 
gS cfYd fodkl vkSj le`f¼ çkIr djus osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh vkSj vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk osQ ikjLifjd ;ksxnku dk vuqHko djus 
dk ,d ekxZ gSA ?
laikndh;
i
6 ??? ?? ?? 2023
i`Foh ds 
lw;Z 
dks le>us 
dh ;k=kk
fnR;&,y1 lw;Z dk vè;;u djus okyk igyk 
varfj{k&vkèkkfjr Hkkjrh; fe'ku gSA yxHkx 
vxys pkj eghuksa esa fofHk vkWfcZV jsftUx 
;qfDr;ksa vkSj Øwt+ pj.k osQ ekè;e ls] varfj{k ;ku dks 
lw;Z&i`Foh ç.kkyh osQ ySxzsat fcanq 1 (,y1) osQ pkjksa vksj 
,d çHkkeaMy (halo ) d{kk esa j•k tk,xk] tks i`Foh ls 
yxHkx 1-5 fefy;u fd-eh- nwjh ij gSA 
varfj{k ;ku esa fo|qr pqEcdh; vkSj d.k rFkk pqacdh; 
{ks=k fMVsDVjksa dk mi;ksx djosQ i+QksVksfLiQ;j] ØkseksLiQh;j vkSj 
lw;Z dh lcls ckgjh ijrksa (dksjksuk) dk fujh{k.k djus osQ 
fy, lkr isyksM gksrs gSaA
vis{kk gS fd vkfnR; ,y1 fe'ku dksjksuy ghfVax] 
dksjksuy ekl btsD'ku] çh&Ýys;j vkSj Ýys;j xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj 
mudh fo'ks"krkvksa] varfj{k ekSle dh MkbuSfeDl]d.kksa vkSj 
{ks=kksa osQ iSQyko vkfn dh leL;k dks le>us osQ fy, lcls 
egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh çnku djsxkA
lw;Z 
gekjk lw;Z] lkSjeaMy dk lcls fudVre rkjk vkSj lcls 
cM+k fiaM gSA lw;Z dh vuqekfur vk;q yxHkx 4-5 vjc o"kZ 
gSA ;g gkbMªkstu vkSj ghfy;e xSlksa dh ,d xeZ pedrh xsan 
gSA i`Foh ls lw;Z dh nwjh yxHkx 150 fefy;u fdyksehVj gS 
vkSj ;g gekjs lkSj eaMy osQ fy, ÅtkZ dk lzksr gSA tSlk fd 
ge tkurs gSa] lkSj ÅtkZ osQ fcuk i`Foh ij thou laHko ugha 
gSA lw;Z dk xq#Rokd"kZ.k lkSj eaMy dh lHkh oLrqvksa dks ,d 
lkFk ckaèks j•rk gSA 
lw;Z osQ eè; {ks=k] ftls ^dksj* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] 
esa rkieku 15 fefy;u fMxzh lsfYl;l rd igqap ldrk gSA 
bl rkieku ij] dksj esa ijek.kq lay;u (U;wDyhvj Ý;wt+u) 
uked ,d çfØ;k gksrh gS tks lw;Z dks 'kfDr çnku djrh 
gSA lw;Z dh n`'; lrg] ftls i+QksVksfLiQ;j osQ uke ls tkuk 
tkrk gS] lkis{k :i ls BaMh gS vkSj bldk rkieku yxHkx 
5]500°C gSA
vk
6 ??? ?? ?? 2023