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CHAPTER - 14 
 
SOURCES OF ENERGY 
MADE BY-: 
 RAHAT 
Page 2


CHAPTER - 14 
 
SOURCES OF ENERGY 
MADE BY-: 
 RAHAT 
1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- 
  i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. 
 ii) It should be easily available. 
iii) It should be easy to store and transport. 
iv) It should be economical.  
2) Sources of energy :- 
     There are two main sources of energy. They are conventional and 
non conventional sources of energy. 
 i) Conventional sources of energy :- are wood, flowing water and 
fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas). 
ii) Non conventional sources of energy :- are solar energy, wind 
energy, biomass energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave energy, 
ocean thermal energy), geothermal energy, nuclear energy etc.  
     Some  sources of energy are renewable like sun, wind, flowing water, 
ocean, wood, biomass etc. 
     Some sources of energy are non renewable like coal, petroleum and 
natural gas. 
Page 3


CHAPTER - 14 
 
SOURCES OF ENERGY 
MADE BY-: 
 RAHAT 
1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- 
  i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. 
 ii) It should be easily available. 
iii) It should be easy to store and transport. 
iv) It should be economical.  
2) Sources of energy :- 
     There are two main sources of energy. They are conventional and 
non conventional sources of energy. 
 i) Conventional sources of energy :- are wood, flowing water and 
fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas). 
ii) Non conventional sources of energy :- are solar energy, wind 
energy, biomass energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave energy, 
ocean thermal energy), geothermal energy, nuclear energy etc.  
     Some  sources of energy are renewable like sun, wind, flowing water, 
ocean, wood, biomass etc. 
     Some sources of energy are non renewable like coal, petroleum and 
natural gas. 
3. Conventional sources of energy :- 
a) Fossil fuels :- are fuels formed inside the earth from the  
    remains of plants and animals after millions of years. The  
    fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil       
    fuels are non renewable sources of energy so they   
    should be conserved and used judiciously. 
      Disadvantages of fossil fuels :- 
 i) Burning of fossil fuels release gases and harmful  
    particles which causes air pollution. 
ii) Burning of fossil fuels release acidic oxides of sulphur  
    and nitrogen which causes acid rain which is harmful for  
    living organisms, affects soil and water, causes damage    
    to buildings, corrosion of metals etc. 
iii) Burning of fossil fuels release a large amount of carbon  
    dioxide gas which increases the temperature of the  
    atmosphere and causes global warming (green house  
    effect). 
Page 4


CHAPTER - 14 
 
SOURCES OF ENERGY 
MADE BY-: 
 RAHAT 
1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- 
  i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. 
 ii) It should be easily available. 
iii) It should be easy to store and transport. 
iv) It should be economical.  
2) Sources of energy :- 
     There are two main sources of energy. They are conventional and 
non conventional sources of energy. 
 i) Conventional sources of energy :- are wood, flowing water and 
fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas). 
ii) Non conventional sources of energy :- are solar energy, wind 
energy, biomass energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave energy, 
ocean thermal energy), geothermal energy, nuclear energy etc.  
     Some  sources of energy are renewable like sun, wind, flowing water, 
ocean, wood, biomass etc. 
     Some sources of energy are non renewable like coal, petroleum and 
natural gas. 
3. Conventional sources of energy :- 
a) Fossil fuels :- are fuels formed inside the earth from the  
    remains of plants and animals after millions of years. The  
    fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil       
    fuels are non renewable sources of energy so they   
    should be conserved and used judiciously. 
      Disadvantages of fossil fuels :- 
 i) Burning of fossil fuels release gases and harmful  
    particles which causes air pollution. 
ii) Burning of fossil fuels release acidic oxides of sulphur  
    and nitrogen which causes acid rain which is harmful for  
    living organisms, affects soil and water, causes damage    
    to buildings, corrosion of metals etc. 
iii) Burning of fossil fuels release a large amount of carbon  
    dioxide gas which increases the temperature of the  
    atmosphere and causes global warming (green house  
    effect). 
Page 5


CHAPTER - 14 
 
SOURCES OF ENERGY 
MADE BY-: 
 RAHAT 
1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- 
  i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. 
 ii) It should be easily available. 
iii) It should be easy to store and transport. 
iv) It should be economical.  
2) Sources of energy :- 
     There are two main sources of energy. They are conventional and 
non conventional sources of energy. 
 i) Conventional sources of energy :- are wood, flowing water and 
fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas). 
ii) Non conventional sources of energy :- are solar energy, wind 
energy, biomass energy, ocean energy (tidal energy, wave energy, 
ocean thermal energy), geothermal energy, nuclear energy etc.  
     Some  sources of energy are renewable like sun, wind, flowing water, 
ocean, wood, biomass etc. 
     Some sources of energy are non renewable like coal, petroleum and 
natural gas. 
3. Conventional sources of energy :- 
a) Fossil fuels :- are fuels formed inside the earth from the  
    remains of plants and animals after millions of years. The  
    fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil       
    fuels are non renewable sources of energy so they   
    should be conserved and used judiciously. 
      Disadvantages of fossil fuels :- 
 i) Burning of fossil fuels release gases and harmful  
    particles which causes air pollution. 
ii) Burning of fossil fuels release acidic oxides of sulphur  
    and nitrogen which causes acid rain which is harmful for  
    living organisms, affects soil and water, causes damage    
    to buildings, corrosion of metals etc. 
iii) Burning of fossil fuels release a large amount of carbon  
    dioxide gas which increases the temperature of the  
    atmosphere and causes global warming (green house  
    effect). 
b) Thermal power plants :- 
       In  thermal power plants the heat energy produced by burning fossil 
fuels like coal, petroleum or natural gas is used to heat water and 
change it into steam which rotates the turbines of generators to produce 
electricity. 
 c) Hydro power plants :- 
       In hydro power plants water from rivers are stored by constructing 
dams. The water from the dam flows down through pipes and rotates the 
turbines of generators to produce electricity.  
      Advantages :- 
  i) Flowing water is a renewable source of energy. 
 ii) The electricity produced does not cause pollution. 
iii) The water stored in dams can also be used to control floods and  
     for irrigation. 
     Disadvantages :- 
  i) The initial cost is high. 
 ii) Large areas of land gets submerged and the decomposition of  
     vegetation produces methane gas which is a green house gas. 
iii) It causes displacement of people from large areas of land.  
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FAQs on CHAPTER - 14 Sources of Energy - Class 10

1. What are the different sources of energy?
Ans. The different sources of energy include fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), nuclear energy, renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal), and biomass.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels as a source of energy?
Ans. The advantages of fossil fuels as a source of energy are that they are easily accessible, have a high energy density, and are relatively cheap. However, the disadvantages are that they contribute to air pollution, release greenhouse gases leading to climate change, and are non-renewable, meaning they will eventually run out.
3. How does nuclear energy work as a source of energy?
Ans. Nuclear energy is generated through nuclear fission, where the nucleus of an atom is split into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This energy is harnessed to produce electricity in nuclear power plants.
4. What are the benefits of renewable energy sources?
Ans. Renewable energy sources have several benefits. They are clean and do not produce harmful emissions or contribute to climate change. They are also abundant and can be harnessed indefinitely, unlike fossil fuels. Additionally, renewable energy sources can help reduce dependence on imported energy and create job opportunities in the green energy sector.
5. How does solar energy work as a source of energy?
Ans. Solar energy is generated through the conversion of sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells consist of semiconductors that absorb photons from sunlight, releasing electrons and generating an electric current. This current can be used to power various devices or stored in batteries for later use. Solar energy can also be used for heating water or spaces through solar thermal systems.
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