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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History - Paths to Modernisation

Q1: What were the major developments before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernise rapidly?
Ans:
Major developments were:
(i) Peasants were not allowed to carry arms, only samurai could carry swords now.
(ii) Disarmament of the peasants helped in establish peace and prosperity.
(iii) Growth of population led to the growth of commercial economy.
(iv) The growth of precious  metals restricted.
(v) Theater and arts were patronised in towns.
(vi) People developed reading habits.
(vii) Land surveys were made.

Q2: Discuss how daily life was transformed as Japan developed.
Ans:
As the Japanese became affluent, new ideas came into being. The old patriarchal system begun to break. The system demanded new style of domestic goods and new types of houses. The concept of nuclear family came into being.

Q3: How did the Qing dynasty try and meet the challenge posed by the Western powers?
Ans: The Qing dynasty could not meet the challenges posed by the western powers. They utterly failed. The Qing dynasty also demanded change in the country. But they also failed in this endeavour.

Q4: What were Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles?
Ans:
The Three principles were:
(i) Nationalism
(ii) Democracy
(iii) Socialism

Answer in Short Essay

Q5: Did Japan’s policy of rapid industrialisation lead to wars with its neighbours and destruction of the environment?
Ans:
Yes,it is true because:
(i) Colonies were begun to considered sources of raw material.At last acquiring more colonies led to wars among different nationals.
(ii) It led to the rapid exploitation of natural resources.

Q6: Do you think that Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China were successful in liberating China and laying the basis for its current success?
Ans: Yes , Mao Zedong and the Communist Part of China were successful in liberating China and laying the basis for its current success. In 1935, Mao Zedong formed a Communist front against Japan. He thought that his struggle against Japan would popularize him and also make his mass movement more effective. But Chiang did not accept his proposal. Mao continued his struggle against Japan until he succeeded.
In 1930, Mao Zedong became the chairperson of the council of peasant workers and began to work underground. He defeated Chiang’s army four times. But in the fifth attack he was under pressure that he planned and implemented the Long March. They covered 600 miles in 368 days and arrived in Shensi and Kansu, the communists reached there.
Chiang Kai-shek was worried about increasing power of Mao Zedong. He did not want to work with him. After a great difficulty he was ready to stand by Mao against by Moa against Japan. When the war ended, Mao put a proposal of a coalition government before Chiang. But Chiang did not accept it. Mao continued with his struggle. In 1949, Chiang escaped to Farmosa (Taiwan) to seek asylum there. Mao Zedong was elected the chairman of the Chinese government. He held this office till his death.
After the death of Sun Yat-Sen in 1925, the Guomindang was headed by Chiang-Kai-Shek. Before it the communist part of China had been established in1921. Though he strengthen the rule of the Guomindang, yet he took no steps to achieve the three revolutionary objectives of Sun-Yet-Sen.

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History - Paths to Modernisation

1. What were the different paths to modernisation followed by various countries?
Ans. Different countries followed different paths to modernisation based on their unique historical, cultural, and socio-economic contexts. Some countries embraced industrialisation, while others focused on agricultural reforms or political changes to modernise.
2. How did Japan achieve modernisation in the late 19th century?
Ans. Japan achieved modernisation in the late 19th century through a series of reforms known as the Meiji Restoration. They adopted Western technologies, reformed their education system, and implemented industrialisation to catch up with the West.
3. What role did colonialism play in the paths to modernisation of colonised countries?
Ans. Colonialism played a significant role in shaping the paths to modernisation of colonised countries. Colonisers often introduced modern technology and institutions for their own benefit, which influenced the modernisation process in these countries.
4. How did the Industrial Revolution impact the paths to modernisation in different countries?
Ans. The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the paths to modernisation in different countries. Countries that embraced industrialisation early on experienced rapid economic growth and technological advancements, while others lagged behind in the modernisation process.
5. What challenges did countries face in their journey towards modernisation?
Ans. Countries faced various challenges in their journey towards modernisation, such as resistance from traditional elites, social unrest, economic disparities, and the need to balance traditional values with modernisation goals. Overcoming these challenges was crucial for successful modernisation.
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