Addition Reactions Video Lecture - Class 10

when an addition reaction happens a
carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond
of an organic compound is broken the
electrons shift to connect two hydrogen
atoms halogens hydroxides or other
compounds the connecting with hydrogen
is called hydrogenation connecting with
chlorine is chlorination and one that's
flooring the bonds with the organic
compound we call it a fluorination
reaction the number of double bonds in
an organic compound can be calculated by
the amount of gas consumed in addition
reactions with hydrogen molecules these
reactions require metal catalysts to
break the covalent bond between hydrogen
atoms bromine molecules are dark reddish
brown in color from participating in an
addition reaction bromine is required to
be dissolved in a non-polar solvent like
carbon tetrachloride as bromine is used
up the color of the solution will fade
this reaction has a higher chance of
happening at room temperature than the
previous hydrogenation reaction so it
doesn't need a metal catalyst to boost
the reaction speed and probability the
reason to this is that a bromine atom
has more electron shells which results
in higher bond length and lower bond
energy here's an example of an addition
reaction the reactants are propane and
hydrogen bromide in the solvent of
alcohol Bowman has much higher
electronegativity than hydrogen in other
words it really wants to take hydrogen's
electron so when hydrogen bumps into the
unstable pi bond between the carbons and
it's focus is no longer fully on its own
electron bromine takes a chance and
grabs hydrogen's electron and runs off
at the same time hydrogen takes an
electron from the PI bond and bonds with
carbon we see that now one carbon is
missing an electron it has a partial
positive charge as a carbon cation
bromine on the other hand has an extra
electron forming a negatively charged
bromine anion when the carbon cation
tries to get an electron back it seizes
an electron held by the bromine anion
that's bonding and creating to bromo
propane this process of breaking a pi
bond is an addition reaction