Geography as a Discipline: Assertions & Reason Type Questions | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Read the case study given below and answer any three questions that follow.
All the branches of physical geography have interface with natural sciences. The traditional physical geography is linked with geology, meteorology, hydrology and pedology; thus, geomorphology, climatology, oceanography and  soil geography, respectively, have very close link with the natural sciences as they derive their data from these sciences. Bio-geography is closely related to botany and zoology as well as ecology as human beings are located in different locational niche. A geographer should have some proficiency in mathematics and art, particularly in drawing maps. Geography is very much linked with the study of astronomical locations and deals with latitudes and longitudes. The shape of the earth is geoid, but the basic tool of a geographer is a map that is a two-dimensional representation of the earth. The problem of converting geoids into two dimensions can be tackled by projections constructed graphically or mathematically. The cartographic and quantitative techniques require sufficient proficiency in mathematics, statistics and econometrics. Maps are prepared through artistic imagination. Making sketches, mental maps and cartographic work requires proficiency in arts. 

Question 1: Making sketches, mental maps and cartographic work requires proficiency in _________.
(a) geography
(b) english
(c) arts
(d) subject

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Creating sketches, mental maps and cartographic works requires proficiency in the arts.

Question 2: The problem of converting geoids into two dimensions can be tackled by projections constructed:
(a) graphically
(b) mathematically
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) mentally

Correct Answer is Option (c)

The problem of converting geoids into two dimensions is solved by graphically or mathematically constructed projections.

Question 3: Which science is closely related to botany and zoology as well as ecology?
(a) Climatology
(b) Bio-geography
(c) Oceanography
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "herbs" "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. 

Question 4: All the branches of physical geography have interface with:
(a) natural sciences
(b) physical sciences
(c) social sciences
(d) political sciences

Correct Answer is Option (a)

The traditional physical geography is linked with geology, meteorology, hydrology and pedology, and thus, geomorphology, climatology, oceanography and soil geography respectively have very close link with the natural sciences as these derive their data from these sciences.

Read the case study given below and answer any three questions that follow.
Physical geography includes the study of lithosphere (landforms, drainage, relief and physiography), atmosphere (its composition, structure, elements and controls of weather and climate; temperature, pressure, winds, precipitation, climatic types, etc.), hydrosphere (oceans, seas, lakes and associated features with water realm) and biosphere (life forms including human beings and macro-organisms and their sustaining mechanism, viz. food chain, ecological parameters and ecological balance). Soils are formed through the process of pedogenesis and depend upon the parent rocks, climate, biological activity and time. Time provides maturity to soils and helps in the development of soil profiles. Each element is important for human beings. 
Landforms provide the base on which human activities are located. The plains are utilised for agriculture. Plateaus provide forests and minerals. Mountains provide pastures, forests and tourist spots and are sources of rivers providing water to lowlands. Climate influences our house types, clothing and food habits. The climate has a profound effect on vegetation, cropping pattern, livestock farming and some industries, etc. Human beings have developed technologies that modify climatic elements in a restricted space such as air conditioners and coolers. Temperature and precipitation ensure the density of forests and quality of grasslands. In India, monsoonal rainfall sets the agriculture rhythm in motion. Precipitation recharges the ground water aquifers, which later provides water for agriculture and domestic use.          

Question 5: What has a profound effect on vegetation, cropping pattern, livestock farming and some industries?
(a) Politics
(b) Climate
(c) Population
(d) Economy

Correct Answer is Option (b)

India is an agricultural country. Indian economy is mainly based on agriculture. Agriculture is very important for India as it provides food, nutrition and livelihood security. More than 60 percent of the people in India depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Nowadays the world is facing the problem of climate change, due to which India has also not remained untouched. Due to climate change, many types of changes are taking place in the environment such as increase in temperature, more or less rainfall, change in the direction of winds, etc., due to which agriculture is having a bad effect. Global warming is the main cause of climate change.

Question 6: Landform provides the base on which human activities are located.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Somewhat true
(d) None of the above 

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Landforms affect where people build houses and communities. Many people live on plains because it is easy to travel and to farm on flat land. Other people live in valleys, which are the land between mountains or hills. The soil in valleys is good for farming.

Question 7: What recharges the ground aquifers, which later later provides water for agriculture and domestic use?
(a) Dams
(b) Borewells
(c) Precipitation
(d) Humidity

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Groundwater is recharged naturally by rain and snow melt and to a smaller extent by surface water (rivers and lakes). These activities can result in loss of topsoil resulting in reduced water infiltration, enhanced surface runoff and reduction in recharge.

Question 8: What ensures the density of forests and quality of grasslands?
(a) Temperature and climate
(b) Precipitation and moisture
(c) Moisture and temperature
(d) Temperature and precipitation 

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Climate has a serious impact on vegetation, cropping pattern, animal husbandry and some industries etc. The temperature and rain ensure the density of forests and the quality of grasslands, the availability of water for agriculture and domestic purposes becomes possible by rehabilitating ground water-bearing stones.

Read the case study given below and answer any three questions that follow.
Geography is an interdisciplinary subject of study. The study of every subject is done according to some approach. The major approaches to study geography have been (i) Systematic and (ii) Regional. The systematic geography approach is the same as that of general geography. This approach was introduced by Alexander Von Humboldt, a German geographer (1769–1859) while the regional geography approach was developed by another German geographer and a contemporary of Humboldt, Karl Ritter (1779– 1859). In the systematic approach, a phenomenon is studied world over as a whole, and then the identification of typologies or spatial patterns is done. For example, if one is interested in studying about natural vegetation, the study will be done at the world level as a first step. The typologies such as equatorial rainforests or softwood conical forests or monsoon forests, etc. will be identified, discussed and delimited. In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels, and then all the geographical phenomena in a particular region are studied. These regions may be natural, political or designated regions. The phenomena in a region are studied in a holistic manner searching for unity in diversity.  

Question 9: The phenomena in a region are studied in a ________ manner searching for unity in diversity.
(a) proper
(b) holistic
(c) systematic
(d) None of the above  

Correct Answer is Option (b)

The phenomena of a region are studied as a whole in search of unity in diversity.

Question 10: In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Partially true
(d) Partially false

Correct Answer is Option (a)

In regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels and then all the geographical phenomena in a particular region are studied. These regions may be natural, political or designated region. The phenomena in a region are studied in a holistic manner.

Question 11: What is geography?
(a) It is an interdisciplinary subject of study.
(b) It is a spatial subject of study.
(c) It is an independent subject of study.
(d) It is a hierarchical subject of study.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Geography is highly interdisciplinary. the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources and political and economic activities.

Question 12: The __________ geography approach is the same as that of general geography.
(a) regional
(b) systematic
(c) human
(d) historical

Correct Answer is Option (b)

There are two basic approaches to the study of world geography. The REGIONAL approach studies the many characteristics of each region (or realm) of the world. SYSTEMATIC geography, on the other hand, studies one issue and looks at its spatial variations in all parts of the globe.