NCERT Textbook: नृत्यांगना सुधा चंद्रन | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

 Page 1


u`R;kaxuk lqèkk panzu
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa f'k[kj rd ig¡qpus osQ fy,
n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA dbZ yksx ,sls Hkh gq, gSa ftUgksaus 'kkjhfjd
v{kerk osQ ckotwn la?k"kZ fd;k gS vkSj y{; izkIr fd;k
gSA ,slk gh ,d uke gSµ lqèkk panzuA iSj [kjkc gksus osQ
ckotwn og pksVh dh u`R;kaxuk cuhA
lqèkk panzu dh ekrk Jherh Fkaxe ,oa firk Jh osQ-
Mh- panzu dh gkfnZd bPNk Fkh fd mudh iq=kh jk"Vªh;
[;kfr dh u`R;kaxuk cusA blhfy, panzu naifÙk us lqèkk
dks ik¡p o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh eqacbZ osQ izfl¼ u`R; fo|ky; ^dyk&lnu* esa izos'k
fnyok;kA igys&igy rks u`R; fo|ky; osQ f'k{kdksa us bruh NksVh mez dh cPph
osQ nkf[kys esa fgpfdpkgV eglwl dh ¯drq lq/k dh izfrHkk ns[kdj lqizfl¼ u`R;
f'k{kd Jh osQ-,l- jkekLokeh Hkkxorkj us mls f'k";k osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k
vkSj lqèkk muls fu;fer izf'k{k.k izkIr djus yxhA tYn gh lqèkk osQ u`R; dk;ZØe
fo|ky; osQ vk;kstuksa esa gksus yxsA u`R; osQ lkFk&lkFk] vè;;u esa Hkh lqèkk us
viuh izfrHkk fn[kkbZ ysfdu lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa ,dk,d 2 ebZ]
1981 dks v¡èksjk Nk x;kA
2 ebZ dks fr:fpjkiYyh ls enzkl tkrs le; mudh cl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZA
bl nq?kZVuk esa lqèkk osQ ck,¡ ik¡o dh ,M+h VwV xbZ vkSj nk;k¡ ik¡o cqjh rjg t[eh
gks x;kA IykLVj yxus ij ck;k¡ ik¡o rks Bhd gks x;k ¯drq nk;ha Vk¡x esa ^xaSxzhu*
(,d izdkj dk oSaQlj) gks x;kA ,sls esa MkWDVjksa osQ ikl lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x dkV
rsjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
Page 2


u`R;kaxuk lqèkk panzu
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa f'k[kj rd ig¡qpus osQ fy,
n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA dbZ yksx ,sls Hkh gq, gSa ftUgksaus 'kkjhfjd
v{kerk osQ ckotwn la?k"kZ fd;k gS vkSj y{; izkIr fd;k
gSA ,slk gh ,d uke gSµ lqèkk panzuA iSj [kjkc gksus osQ
ckotwn og pksVh dh u`R;kaxuk cuhA
lqèkk panzu dh ekrk Jherh Fkaxe ,oa firk Jh osQ-
Mh- panzu dh gkfnZd bPNk Fkh fd mudh iq=kh jk"Vªh;
[;kfr dh u`R;kaxuk cusA blhfy, panzu naifÙk us lqèkk
dks ik¡p o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh eqacbZ osQ izfl¼ u`R; fo|ky; ^dyk&lnu* esa izos'k
fnyok;kA igys&igy rks u`R; fo|ky; osQ f'k{kdksa us bruh NksVh mez dh cPph
osQ nkf[kys esa fgpfdpkgV eglwl dh ¯drq lq/k dh izfrHkk ns[kdj lqizfl¼ u`R;
f'k{kd Jh osQ-,l- jkekLokeh Hkkxorkj us mls f'k";k osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k
vkSj lqèkk muls fu;fer izf'k{k.k izkIr djus yxhA tYn gh lqèkk osQ u`R; dk;ZØe
fo|ky; osQ vk;kstuksa esa gksus yxsA u`R; osQ lkFk&lkFk] vè;;u esa Hkh lqèkk us
viuh izfrHkk fn[kkbZ ysfdu lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa ,dk,d 2 ebZ]
1981 dks v¡èksjk Nk x;kA
2 ebZ dks fr:fpjkiYyh ls enzkl tkrs le; mudh cl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZA
bl nq?kZVuk esa lqèkk osQ ck,¡ ik¡o dh ,M+h VwV xbZ vkSj nk;k¡ ik¡o cqjh rjg t[eh
gks x;kA IykLVj yxus ij ck;k¡ ik¡o rks Bhd gks x;k ¯drq nk;ha Vk¡x esa ^xaSxzhu*
(,d izdkj dk oSaQlj) gks x;kA ,sls esa MkWDVjksa osQ ikl lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x dkV
rsjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
74/nwokZ
nsus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA varr% nq?kZVuk osQ
,d eghus ckn lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x ?kqVus osQ lk<+s lkr bap
uhps ls dkV nh xbZA ,d Vk¡x dk dV tkuk laHkor%
fdlh Hkh u`R;kaxuk osQ thou dk var gh gksrkA lqèkk osQ
lkFk Hkh ;gh gqvkA lqèkk us ydM+h osQ xqVosQ osQ ik¡o vkSj
cSlkf[k;ksa osQ lgkjs pyuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj eqacbZ vkdj
og iqu% viuh i<+kbZ esa tqV xbZA
blh chp lqèkk us eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk lqizfl¼
o`Qf=ke vax fo'ks"kK MkW- ih-lh- lsBh osQ ckjs esa lqukA og
t;iqj xbZ vkSj MkW- lsBh ls feyhA MkW- lsBh us lqèkk dks
vk'oLr fd;k fd og nqckjk lkekU; <¡x ls py losQxhA
bl ij lqèkk us iwNkµ ¶D;k eSa ukp low¡Qxh\¸ MkW- lsBh
us dgkµ¶D;ksa ugha] iz;kl djks rks lc oqQN laHko gSA¸
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh Vk¡x cukbZ
tks vY;wfefu;e dh Fkh vkSj blesa ,slh O;oLFkk Fkh fd
og Vk¡x dks vklkuh ls ?kqek ldrh FkhA lqèkk ,d u, fo'okl osQ LkkFk eqacbZ ykSVh
vkSj mlus u`R; dk vH;kl 'kq: djuk pkgk ¯drq bl iz;kl esa dVh gqbZ Vk¡x ls
Reprint 2024-25
Page 3


u`R;kaxuk lqèkk panzu
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa f'k[kj rd ig¡qpus osQ fy,
n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA dbZ yksx ,sls Hkh gq, gSa ftUgksaus 'kkjhfjd
v{kerk osQ ckotwn la?k"kZ fd;k gS vkSj y{; izkIr fd;k
gSA ,slk gh ,d uke gSµ lqèkk panzuA iSj [kjkc gksus osQ
ckotwn og pksVh dh u`R;kaxuk cuhA
lqèkk panzu dh ekrk Jherh Fkaxe ,oa firk Jh osQ-
Mh- panzu dh gkfnZd bPNk Fkh fd mudh iq=kh jk"Vªh;
[;kfr dh u`R;kaxuk cusA blhfy, panzu naifÙk us lqèkk
dks ik¡p o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh eqacbZ osQ izfl¼ u`R; fo|ky; ^dyk&lnu* esa izos'k
fnyok;kA igys&igy rks u`R; fo|ky; osQ f'k{kdksa us bruh NksVh mez dh cPph
osQ nkf[kys esa fgpfdpkgV eglwl dh ¯drq lq/k dh izfrHkk ns[kdj lqizfl¼ u`R;
f'k{kd Jh osQ-,l- jkekLokeh Hkkxorkj us mls f'k";k osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k
vkSj lqèkk muls fu;fer izf'k{k.k izkIr djus yxhA tYn gh lqèkk osQ u`R; dk;ZØe
fo|ky; osQ vk;kstuksa esa gksus yxsA u`R; osQ lkFk&lkFk] vè;;u esa Hkh lqèkk us
viuh izfrHkk fn[kkbZ ysfdu lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa ,dk,d 2 ebZ]
1981 dks v¡èksjk Nk x;kA
2 ebZ dks fr:fpjkiYyh ls enzkl tkrs le; mudh cl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZA
bl nq?kZVuk esa lqèkk osQ ck,¡ ik¡o dh ,M+h VwV xbZ vkSj nk;k¡ ik¡o cqjh rjg t[eh
gks x;kA IykLVj yxus ij ck;k¡ ik¡o rks Bhd gks x;k ¯drq nk;ha Vk¡x esa ^xaSxzhu*
(,d izdkj dk oSaQlj) gks x;kA ,sls esa MkWDVjksa osQ ikl lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x dkV
rsjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
74/nwokZ
nsus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA varr% nq?kZVuk osQ
,d eghus ckn lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x ?kqVus osQ lk<+s lkr bap
uhps ls dkV nh xbZA ,d Vk¡x dk dV tkuk laHkor%
fdlh Hkh u`R;kaxuk osQ thou dk var gh gksrkA lqèkk osQ
lkFk Hkh ;gh gqvkA lqèkk us ydM+h osQ xqVosQ osQ ik¡o vkSj
cSlkf[k;ksa osQ lgkjs pyuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj eqacbZ vkdj
og iqu% viuh i<+kbZ esa tqV xbZA
blh chp lqèkk us eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk lqizfl¼
o`Qf=ke vax fo'ks"kK MkW- ih-lh- lsBh osQ ckjs esa lqukA og
t;iqj xbZ vkSj MkW- lsBh ls feyhA MkW- lsBh us lqèkk dks
vk'oLr fd;k fd og nqckjk lkekU; <¡x ls py losQxhA
bl ij lqèkk us iwNkµ ¶D;k eSa ukp low¡Qxh\¸ MkW- lsBh
us dgkµ¶D;ksa ugha] iz;kl djks rks lc oqQN laHko gSA¸
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh Vk¡x cukbZ
tks vY;wfefu;e dh Fkh vkSj blesa ,slh O;oLFkk Fkh fd
og Vk¡x dks vklkuh ls ?kqek ldrh FkhA lqèkk ,d u, fo'okl osQ LkkFk eqacbZ ykSVh
vkSj mlus u`R; dk vH;kl 'kq: djuk pkgk ¯drq bl iz;kl esa dVh gqbZ Vk¡x ls
Reprint 2024-25
u`R;kaxuk lq/k panzu /75
[kwu fudyus yxkA dksbZ Hkh lkekU; O;fDr bl rjg dh ?kVuk osQ ckn nqckjk ukpus
dh fgEer drbZ ugha djrk ¯drq lqèkk lkèkkj.k fe^h dh ugha cuh FkhA tYnh gh
mlus viuh fujk'kk ij dkcw izkIr fd;k vkSj vius u`R; izf'k{kd dks lkFk ysdj
MkW- lsBh ls iqu% feyhA
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ u`R; izf'k{kd ls u`R; gsrq ik¡oksa dh fofHk eqnzkvksa dks
xaHkhjrk ls ns[kk&ij[kk vkSj
,d u;h Vk¡x cuokbZ] tks
u`R; dh fo'ks"k ”k:jrksa dks
è;ku esa j[kdj cukbZ xbZ
FkhA Vk¡x yxkrs le; MkW-
lsBh us lqèkk ls dgkµ ¶eSa
tks oqQN dj ldrk Fkk eSaus
dj fn;k] vc rqEgkjh ckjh
gSA¸ lqèkk us iqu% u`R; dk
vH;kl izkjaHk fd;kA 'kqjQvkr
cgqr vPNh ugha jghA dVs
gq, ik¡o osQ Bw¡B ls [kwu
fjlus yxk ¯drq lqèkk us
dM+k vH;kl tkjh j[kkA
dfBu vH;kl ls lqèkk tYn
gh lkekU; u`R; eqnzkvksa dks
iznf'Zkr djus esa liQy gks
xbZA 28 tuojh] 1984 dks
eqacbZ osQ ^lkmFk bafM;k
osyI
+
ksQ;j lkslk;Vh* osQ gky
esa ,d vU; u`R;kaxuk izhfr
osQ lkFk lqèkk us nqckjk u`R;
osQ lkoZtfud izn'kZu dk
vkea=k.k Lohdkj dj fy;kA
;g fnu lqèkk dh ¯”knxh
Reprint 2024-25
Page 4


u`R;kaxuk lqèkk panzu
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa f'k[kj rd ig¡qpus osQ fy,
n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA dbZ yksx ,sls Hkh gq, gSa ftUgksaus 'kkjhfjd
v{kerk osQ ckotwn la?k"kZ fd;k gS vkSj y{; izkIr fd;k
gSA ,slk gh ,d uke gSµ lqèkk panzuA iSj [kjkc gksus osQ
ckotwn og pksVh dh u`R;kaxuk cuhA
lqèkk panzu dh ekrk Jherh Fkaxe ,oa firk Jh osQ-
Mh- panzu dh gkfnZd bPNk Fkh fd mudh iq=kh jk"Vªh;
[;kfr dh u`R;kaxuk cusA blhfy, panzu naifÙk us lqèkk
dks ik¡p o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh eqacbZ osQ izfl¼ u`R; fo|ky; ^dyk&lnu* esa izos'k
fnyok;kA igys&igy rks u`R; fo|ky; osQ f'k{kdksa us bruh NksVh mez dh cPph
osQ nkf[kys esa fgpfdpkgV eglwl dh ¯drq lq/k dh izfrHkk ns[kdj lqizfl¼ u`R;
f'k{kd Jh osQ-,l- jkekLokeh Hkkxorkj us mls f'k";k osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k
vkSj lqèkk muls fu;fer izf'k{k.k izkIr djus yxhA tYn gh lqèkk osQ u`R; dk;ZØe
fo|ky; osQ vk;kstuksa esa gksus yxsA u`R; osQ lkFk&lkFk] vè;;u esa Hkh lqèkk us
viuh izfrHkk fn[kkbZ ysfdu lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa ,dk,d 2 ebZ]
1981 dks v¡èksjk Nk x;kA
2 ebZ dks fr:fpjkiYyh ls enzkl tkrs le; mudh cl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZA
bl nq?kZVuk esa lqèkk osQ ck,¡ ik¡o dh ,M+h VwV xbZ vkSj nk;k¡ ik¡o cqjh rjg t[eh
gks x;kA IykLVj yxus ij ck;k¡ ik¡o rks Bhd gks x;k ¯drq nk;ha Vk¡x esa ^xaSxzhu*
(,d izdkj dk oSaQlj) gks x;kA ,sls esa MkWDVjksa osQ ikl lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x dkV
rsjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
74/nwokZ
nsus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA varr% nq?kZVuk osQ
,d eghus ckn lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x ?kqVus osQ lk<+s lkr bap
uhps ls dkV nh xbZA ,d Vk¡x dk dV tkuk laHkor%
fdlh Hkh u`R;kaxuk osQ thou dk var gh gksrkA lqèkk osQ
lkFk Hkh ;gh gqvkA lqèkk us ydM+h osQ xqVosQ osQ ik¡o vkSj
cSlkf[k;ksa osQ lgkjs pyuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj eqacbZ vkdj
og iqu% viuh i<+kbZ esa tqV xbZA
blh chp lqèkk us eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk lqizfl¼
o`Qf=ke vax fo'ks"kK MkW- ih-lh- lsBh osQ ckjs esa lqukA og
t;iqj xbZ vkSj MkW- lsBh ls feyhA MkW- lsBh us lqèkk dks
vk'oLr fd;k fd og nqckjk lkekU; <¡x ls py losQxhA
bl ij lqèkk us iwNkµ ¶D;k eSa ukp low¡Qxh\¸ MkW- lsBh
us dgkµ¶D;ksa ugha] iz;kl djks rks lc oqQN laHko gSA¸
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh Vk¡x cukbZ
tks vY;wfefu;e dh Fkh vkSj blesa ,slh O;oLFkk Fkh fd
og Vk¡x dks vklkuh ls ?kqek ldrh FkhA lqèkk ,d u, fo'okl osQ LkkFk eqacbZ ykSVh
vkSj mlus u`R; dk vH;kl 'kq: djuk pkgk ¯drq bl iz;kl esa dVh gqbZ Vk¡x ls
Reprint 2024-25
u`R;kaxuk lq/k panzu /75
[kwu fudyus yxkA dksbZ Hkh lkekU; O;fDr bl rjg dh ?kVuk osQ ckn nqckjk ukpus
dh fgEer drbZ ugha djrk ¯drq lqèkk lkèkkj.k fe^h dh ugha cuh FkhA tYnh gh
mlus viuh fujk'kk ij dkcw izkIr fd;k vkSj vius u`R; izf'k{kd dks lkFk ysdj
MkW- lsBh ls iqu% feyhA
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ u`R; izf'k{kd ls u`R; gsrq ik¡oksa dh fofHk eqnzkvksa dks
xaHkhjrk ls ns[kk&ij[kk vkSj
,d u;h Vk¡x cuokbZ] tks
u`R; dh fo'ks"k ”k:jrksa dks
è;ku esa j[kdj cukbZ xbZ
FkhA Vk¡x yxkrs le; MkW-
lsBh us lqèkk ls dgkµ ¶eSa
tks oqQN dj ldrk Fkk eSaus
dj fn;k] vc rqEgkjh ckjh
gSA¸ lqèkk us iqu% u`R; dk
vH;kl izkjaHk fd;kA 'kqjQvkr
cgqr vPNh ugha jghA dVs
gq, ik¡o osQ Bw¡B ls [kwu
fjlus yxk ¯drq lqèkk us
dM+k vH;kl tkjh j[kkA
dfBu vH;kl ls lqèkk tYn
gh lkekU; u`R; eqnzkvksa dks
iznf'Zkr djus esa liQy gks
xbZA 28 tuojh] 1984 dks
eqacbZ osQ ^lkmFk bafM;k
osyI
+
ksQ;j lkslk;Vh* osQ gky
esa ,d vU; u`R;kaxuk izhfr
osQ lkFk lqèkk us nqckjk u`R;
osQ lkoZtfud izn'kZu dk
vkea=k.k Lohdkj dj fy;kA
;g fnu lqèkk dh ¯”knxh
Reprint 2024-25
76/nwokZ
dk laHkor% lcls dfBu fnu Fkk] ml fnu ls Hkh ”;knk tcfd mldk ik¡o dkV
fn;k x;k FkkA lqèkk dk ;g izn'kZu csgn lIkQy jgkA pgsrksa us mls ns[krs&ns[krs
iydksa ij mBk fy;k vkSj og jkrksa&jkr ,d ,sfrgkfld egÙo dh O;fDrÙo gks xbZA
mldh vn~Hkqr thou&;k=kk ls izHkkfor gksdj rsyqxq osQ fI
+
kQYEkdkj us mldh
¯”knxh dks vkèkkj cuk dj ,d dgkuh fy[kokbZ vkSj ^e;wjh* uke ls rsyqxq esa ,d
fI
+
kQYe cukbZA vius ik=k dks lqèkk us Lo;a ijns ij thoar dj fn;kA fI
+
kQYe dks
vn~Hkqr lIkQyrk feyh vkSj bl fI
+
kQYe esa vfHku; osQ fy, lqèkk dks Hkkjr osQ 33osa
jk"Vªh; fI
+
kQYe lekjksg esa fo'ks"k iqjLdkj iznku fd;k x;kA ^e;wjh* dh lIkQyrk dks
ns[krs gq, blosQ fuekZrk us ;g fI
+
kQYe ¯gnh esa Hkh ^ukps e;wjh* uke ls iznf'Zkr dh
vkSj lqèkk us iwjs Hkkjr dks viuh izfrHkk dk eqjhn dj fn;kA vkt lq/k ,d O;Lr
u`R;kaxuk gh ugha] fI
+
kQYe dykdkj Hkh gSA lqèkk dks mlosQ vlkekU; lkgl vkSj Js"B
miyfCèk;ksa osQ fy, dbZ iqjLdkj Hkh izkIr gks pqosQ gSaA
µjkekKk frokjh
Reprint 2024-25
Page 5


u`R;kaxuk lqèkk panzu
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa f'k[kj rd ig¡qpus osQ fy,
n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA dbZ yksx ,sls Hkh gq, gSa ftUgksaus 'kkjhfjd
v{kerk osQ ckotwn la?k"kZ fd;k gS vkSj y{; izkIr fd;k
gSA ,slk gh ,d uke gSµ lqèkk panzuA iSj [kjkc gksus osQ
ckotwn og pksVh dh u`R;kaxuk cuhA
lqèkk panzu dh ekrk Jherh Fkaxe ,oa firk Jh osQ-
Mh- panzu dh gkfnZd bPNk Fkh fd mudh iq=kh jk"Vªh;
[;kfr dh u`R;kaxuk cusA blhfy, panzu naifÙk us lqèkk
dks ik¡p o"kZ dh vYik;q esa gh eqacbZ osQ izfl¼ u`R; fo|ky; ^dyk&lnu* esa izos'k
fnyok;kA igys&igy rks u`R; fo|ky; osQ f'k{kdksa us bruh NksVh mez dh cPph
osQ nkf[kys esa fgpfdpkgV eglwl dh ¯drq lq/k dh izfrHkk ns[kdj lqizfl¼ u`R;
f'k{kd Jh osQ-,l- jkekLokeh Hkkxorkj us mls f'k";k osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k
vkSj lqèkk muls fu;fer izf'k{k.k izkIr djus yxhA tYn gh lqèkk osQ u`R; dk;ZØe
fo|ky; osQ vk;kstuksa esa gksus yxsA u`R; osQ lkFk&lkFk] vè;;u esa Hkh lqèkk us
viuh izfrHkk fn[kkbZ ysfdu lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa ,dk,d 2 ebZ]
1981 dks v¡èksjk Nk x;kA
2 ebZ dks fr:fpjkiYyh ls enzkl tkrs le; mudh cl nq?kZVukxzLr gks xbZA
bl nq?kZVuk esa lqèkk osQ ck,¡ ik¡o dh ,M+h VwV xbZ vkSj nk;k¡ ik¡o cqjh rjg t[eh
gks x;kA IykLVj yxus ij ck;k¡ ik¡o rks Bhd gks x;k ¯drq nk;ha Vk¡x esa ^xaSxzhu*
(,d izdkj dk oSaQlj) gks x;kA ,sls esa MkWDVjksa osQ ikl lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x dkV
rsjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
74/nwokZ
nsus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA varr% nq?kZVuk osQ
,d eghus ckn lqèkk dh nk;ha Vk¡x ?kqVus osQ lk<+s lkr bap
uhps ls dkV nh xbZA ,d Vk¡x dk dV tkuk laHkor%
fdlh Hkh u`R;kaxuk osQ thou dk var gh gksrkA lqèkk osQ
lkFk Hkh ;gh gqvkA lqèkk us ydM+h osQ xqVosQ osQ ik¡o vkSj
cSlkf[k;ksa osQ lgkjs pyuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj eqacbZ vkdj
og iqu% viuh i<+kbZ esa tqV xbZA
blh chp lqèkk us eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk lqizfl¼
o`Qf=ke vax fo'ks"kK MkW- ih-lh- lsBh osQ ckjs esa lqukA og
t;iqj xbZ vkSj MkW- lsBh ls feyhA MkW- lsBh us lqèkk dks
vk'oLr fd;k fd og nqckjk lkekU; <¡x ls py losQxhA
bl ij lqèkk us iwNkµ ¶D;k eSa ukp low¡Qxh\¸ MkW- lsBh
us dgkµ¶D;ksa ugha] iz;kl djks rks lc oqQN laHko gSA¸
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh Vk¡x cukbZ
tks vY;wfefu;e dh Fkh vkSj blesa ,slh O;oLFkk Fkh fd
og Vk¡x dks vklkuh ls ?kqek ldrh FkhA lqèkk ,d u, fo'okl osQ LkkFk eqacbZ ykSVh
vkSj mlus u`R; dk vH;kl 'kq: djuk pkgk ¯drq bl iz;kl esa dVh gqbZ Vk¡x ls
Reprint 2024-25
u`R;kaxuk lq/k panzu /75
[kwu fudyus yxkA dksbZ Hkh lkekU; O;fDr bl rjg dh ?kVuk osQ ckn nqckjk ukpus
dh fgEer drbZ ugha djrk ¯drq lqèkk lkèkkj.k fe^h dh ugha cuh FkhA tYnh gh
mlus viuh fujk'kk ij dkcw izkIr fd;k vkSj vius u`R; izf'k{kd dks lkFk ysdj
MkW- lsBh ls iqu% feyhA
MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ u`R; izf'k{kd ls u`R; gsrq ik¡oksa dh fofHk eqnzkvksa dks
xaHkhjrk ls ns[kk&ij[kk vkSj
,d u;h Vk¡x cuokbZ] tks
u`R; dh fo'ks"k ”k:jrksa dks
è;ku esa j[kdj cukbZ xbZ
FkhA Vk¡x yxkrs le; MkW-
lsBh us lqèkk ls dgkµ ¶eSa
tks oqQN dj ldrk Fkk eSaus
dj fn;k] vc rqEgkjh ckjh
gSA¸ lqèkk us iqu% u`R; dk
vH;kl izkjaHk fd;kA 'kqjQvkr
cgqr vPNh ugha jghA dVs
gq, ik¡o osQ Bw¡B ls [kwu
fjlus yxk ¯drq lqèkk us
dM+k vH;kl tkjh j[kkA
dfBu vH;kl ls lqèkk tYn
gh lkekU; u`R; eqnzkvksa dks
iznf'Zkr djus esa liQy gks
xbZA 28 tuojh] 1984 dks
eqacbZ osQ ^lkmFk bafM;k
osyI
+
ksQ;j lkslk;Vh* osQ gky
esa ,d vU; u`R;kaxuk izhfr
osQ lkFk lqèkk us nqckjk u`R;
osQ lkoZtfud izn'kZu dk
vkea=k.k Lohdkj dj fy;kA
;g fnu lqèkk dh ¯”knxh
Reprint 2024-25
76/nwokZ
dk laHkor% lcls dfBu fnu Fkk] ml fnu ls Hkh ”;knk tcfd mldk ik¡o dkV
fn;k x;k FkkA lqèkk dk ;g izn'kZu csgn lIkQy jgkA pgsrksa us mls ns[krs&ns[krs
iydksa ij mBk fy;k vkSj og jkrksa&jkr ,d ,sfrgkfld egÙo dh O;fDrÙo gks xbZA
mldh vn~Hkqr thou&;k=kk ls izHkkfor gksdj rsyqxq osQ fI
+
kQYEkdkj us mldh
¯”knxh dks vkèkkj cuk dj ,d dgkuh fy[kokbZ vkSj ^e;wjh* uke ls rsyqxq esa ,d
fI
+
kQYe cukbZA vius ik=k dks lqèkk us Lo;a ijns ij thoar dj fn;kA fI
+
kQYe dks
vn~Hkqr lIkQyrk feyh vkSj bl fI
+
kQYe esa vfHku; osQ fy, lqèkk dks Hkkjr osQ 33osa
jk"Vªh; fI
+
kQYe lekjksg esa fo'ks"k iqjLdkj iznku fd;k x;kA ^e;wjh* dh lIkQyrk dks
ns[krs gq, blosQ fuekZrk us ;g fI
+
kQYe ¯gnh esa Hkh ^ukps e;wjh* uke ls iznf'Zkr dh
vkSj lqèkk us iwjs Hkkjr dks viuh izfrHkk dk eqjhn dj fn;kA vkt lq/k ,d O;Lr
u`R;kaxuk gh ugha] fI
+
kQYe dykdkj Hkh gSA lqèkk dks mlosQ vlkekU; lkgl vkSj Js"B
miyfCèk;ksa osQ fy, dbZ iqjLdkj Hkh izkIr gks pqosQ gSaA
µjkekKk frokjh
Reprint 2024-25
u`R;kaxuk lq/k panzu /77
vH;kl
'kCnkFkZ
bPNk'kfDr & eukscy vk'oLr & fo'okl] Hkjkslk
v{kerk & v;ksX;rk la?k"kZ & dfBu ç;kl
vYik;q & de mez cSlkf[k;k¡ & v'kDr vFkok VwVh gqbZ Vk¡x
xSasxzhu & gah dk oSaQlj dks lgkjk nsus osQ fy, ck¡l
eqjhn & f'k"; vkfn dh cuh cxy rd
y{; & mís'; dh yach NM+h
1- ikB ls
d lqèkk osQ LoIuksa dh banzèkuq"kh nqfu;k esa v¡èksjk oSQls Nk x;k\
[k MkW- lsBh us lqèkk osQ fy, D;k fd;k\
x lqèkk iwjs Hkkjr esa oSQls yksdfç; gks xbZ\
2- foykse 'kCn fy[kks
vk'kk  & fujk'kk
dfBu  &
vknj  &
v¡èksjk  &
vkdkj  &
bPNk  &
3- lgh fpÉ yxkvks
 ¶   ¸   A   ]    \
lqèkk us iwNk D;k eSa ukp low¡Qxh MkW- lsBh us dgk D;ksa ugha ç;kl djks rks lc oqQN laHko gS
4- D;k igys] D;k ckn esa
uhps lqèkk panzu osQ thou dh oqQN ?kVuk,¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaA bUgsa lgh Øe esa yxkvksA
n
lqèkk MkW- lsBh ls feyhA
n
lqèkk u`R; dk fiQj ls çf'k{k.k ysus yxhA
Reprint 2024-25