Short Questions With Answers - Women and Sports | Physical Education Class 12(XII) - Notes & Model Test Papers - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q.1. What is menarche?
Ans. Menarche is the first menstrual bleeding of the young girl (9- 16 yrs.)

Q.2 What do you mean by sports participation of women?
Ans. Sports participation of women means “Participation of Women in the field of sports and games.

Q.3 What is menstrual dysfunction?
Ans. Menstrual dysfunction is a disorder or irregular menstrual cycle in women. It can also be defined as “An abnormal bleeding during the menstrual cycle”.

Q.4. What is an ideology?
Ans. Ideology is a set of Doctrines or beliefs that are shared by the members of a social group or it is the imaginary relations to the real conditions of existence.

Q.5. What is Amenorrhoea?
Ans. Amenorrhoea is a menstrual disorder or illness in females in which female of 18 years and above either never began menstruating or their absence of menstruation for three months or more than that in females with a history of the normal menstrual cycle.

Q.6. Why there is less participation of women in sports in India? Give any three reasons.
Ans. There is less participation of women in India because:-
1. Lack of interest of spectators and no coverage of women's sports.
2. Lack of education among women.
3. The attitude of society towards women's sports participation

Q.7. What is menopause?
Ans. Menopause is the time when women stop having a menstrual cycle, it occurs when menstruation ceases due to hormonal changes. In other words “It is permanent, Cessation of primary functions of the Ovaries.

Q.8. What is Osteoporosis?
Ans. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder in which reduction in bone mass may cause a fracture.

Q.9. What is the female athlete triad?
Ans. Female athlete triad is a syndrome in which anemia, osteoporosis and amenorrhoea affect adversely on the body.

Q.10. What is Menstrual Cycle?
Ans. The monthly cycle of changes in the ovaries and the lining of the uterus (endometrium), starting with the preparation of an egg for fertilization. When the follicle of the prepared egg in the ovary breaks, it is released for fertilization and ovulation occurs.

Q.11. What are the causes and risk factors of osteoporosis?
Ans. There are various factors, which lead to osteoporosis, these are:-
A, Insufficient calcium in diet:- The main cause of osteoporosis is the intake of insufficient calcium in diet.
B. Amenorrhea:- Women suffering from Menstrual dysfunction or Amenorrhoea for more than 6 months are likely to face osteoporosis because the secretion of the hormone called Oestrogen is decreased in those women. This hormone is necessary for the absorption of calcium in our body.
C. Eating disorder:- Eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia etc. may also cause osteoporosis because there can be less amount of calcium intake.
D. Bad Eating Habits:- Intake of Caffeine, Alcohol, Tabacco or smoking may lead to osteoporosis. These products have a negative effect on Bone Density.

Q.12. Write the Psychological factors, affecting women participation in Sports?
Ans. The various psychological traits of women athletes are:
1. Gender Role Orientation:-Many Sports like wrestling, weight lifting, body building etc has been considered inappropriate for women because of the potentially Harmful masculinizing effects of sports.
2. competitiveness:- Males are found to be competitive in comparison to female. In fact Female are more goal-oriented and perform magnificently in artistic activities such as Gymnastic.
3. Confidence:- Female sportsperson is less confidence the comparison to male sportsperson. While sports women are significantly more confident than non sportsperson.
4. Self-esteem:- Female athletes have low self-esteem in comparison to male athletes. Intensive training helps in enhancing self-esteem.
5. Self-image or body image:- Sports participation is helpful in the enhancement of positive body image. It provides good shape and well-balanced body and finally it improves self image.

Q.13. Briefly discuss about sociological aspects of sports participation.
Ans. There are various factors, which are responsible for low sports participation of women in society. These factors are:-
1. Family- Family is a very significant social factor, which is generally responsible for early sports socialization. The socializing process at home for both sex is different. Males usually get more support and encouragement to get involved in sports activities. They are further provided with more facilities to encourage and support participation in sports and games. However females usually are not encouraged to get involved in sports activities.
2. School- The culture of sports is generated in schools and reputation of school is dependent on the success of male and females as sports personalities. Lots of schools do not have girl teams as male teams (soccer/ wrestling/boxing etc/) They do not have proper arrangements for coaches and sports facilities for females.
3. Culture- Cultural beliefs have great impact on the involvement of females in sports. Many cultures still firmly believe that women’s place is in the kitchen. The participation in the sports masculines females are viewed negatively.
4. Attitude and prejudices- Attitude and prejudices of society play significant role in sports participation, some females avoid certain sports for fear of being perceived masculine. Due to such attitude and prejudices of society regarding sexuality inhibit females to participate.

Q.14. What are the effects of menopause?
Ans. Menopause is the time when a woman stops having menses or menstrual cycle. The main effects of it are:-
A. Hormonal changes.
B. Lose bone density
C. Increase blood sugar which increases the risk of heart diseases.
D. Increase the body mass.
E. Emotional imbalanced.

Q.15. Elaborate on the various types of disorders/ problems related to menstrual dysfunction?
Ans. 1. Absence of menstrual periods:- This problem may be due to eating disorders, excessive exercise schedule, extreme level of stress and medications etc.
2. Premenstrual syndrome:- Many girls may have symptoms such as acne, backaches, Sore breasts, headaches, constipation, depression, irritability and feeling anxious etc. These symptoms may be faced by the female before their menstruation.
3. Abnormal Cramps:- These cramps are caused by a chemical in the body that makes the muscles in the uterus contract.
4. Heavy or prolonged period:- It is common for a girl’s menstrual period to be heavier on some days than others.
5. Irregular menstrual period:- The regular menstrual cycle for a female is 28 days. However, it may vary from 21 to 35 days.
6. Delay in the first menstrual period.

Q.16. Poonam was a good judo player from her school days. She used to come to school from a remote village. Most of the aged persons of the village used to object to her taking part in judo. Even they used to say her parents not to allow her for sports, but they wanted their daughter to be an international level judo player. They did not care About them. They tried to give or arrange all facilities for her to be an international player. Now after ten years of hard work, she has been selected for world judo championship. She is sure to win laurels for her country. On the basis of above passage answer the following questions;
1. Do you agree with the views of most of the villagers?Answer in brief.
Ans. I do not agree with the views of most of the villages because according to them judo is a body contact game which is not for the girls and they thought that girls are weak.
2. What values are shown by Poonam's parents regarding her sports participation?
Ans. Poonam’s parents have shown support, encouragement, motivation regarding her sports participation.
3. What values are shown by Poonam in respect of her parents?
Ans. Poonam has shown physical and mental strength, confidence, try to change the attitudes of society towards the participation of women in sports.