Class 7 Exam  >  Class 7 Notes  >  NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7  >  NCERT Textbook: पोंगल

NCERT Textbook: पोंगल | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


60/nwokZ
iksaxy
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku dk thou izo`Qfr ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
og izo`Qfr osQ lkFk gh g¡lrk&jksrk gS] ukprk&xkrk gSA cqvkbZ] flapkbZ] fujkbZ vkfn
[ksrh&ckM+h osQ lkjs dke og ekSle osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA tc pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh
Nk tkrh gS] o`{k&yrk,¡ iwQyksa ls yn tkrh gSa rc ekuo Hkh xquxqukus yxrk gSA tc
[ksr&[kfygku vukt ls Hkj tkrs gSa rc mlosQ ik¡o fFkjd mBrs gSa] og mRlo eukus
osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA R;ksgkjksa dk tUe ;gha ls gksrk gSA
iksaxy u;h iQly dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g laØkafr osQ fnu euk;k tkrk gSA rfeyukMq
dk ;g izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g tuojh esa euk;k tkrk gSA ^iksaxy* esa [ksrksa ls lqugjs
jax dk u;k èkku dVdj fdlku osQ ?kj vkrk gSA xÂs osQ [ksr dh iQly rS;kj gksrh
gSA cxhps esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ygygk mBrk gSA bUgsa ns[kdj fdlku dk eu ukp
mBrk gSA mlosQ thou esa feBkl vk tkrh gSA laØkafr osQ fnu u, pkoy dk ehBk
Hkkr cukdj lw;Z dks p<+k;k tkrk gSA blh ehBs Hkkr dks ikasxy dgrs gSaA blh ls
R;ksgkj dk uke iksaxy iM+k gSA
X;kjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
Page 2


60/nwokZ
iksaxy
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku dk thou izo`Qfr ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
og izo`Qfr osQ lkFk gh g¡lrk&jksrk gS] ukprk&xkrk gSA cqvkbZ] flapkbZ] fujkbZ vkfn
[ksrh&ckM+h osQ lkjs dke og ekSle osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA tc pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh
Nk tkrh gS] o`{k&yrk,¡ iwQyksa ls yn tkrh gSa rc ekuo Hkh xquxqukus yxrk gSA tc
[ksr&[kfygku vukt ls Hkj tkrs gSa rc mlosQ ik¡o fFkjd mBrs gSa] og mRlo eukus
osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA R;ksgkjksa dk tUe ;gha ls gksrk gSA
iksaxy u;h iQly dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g laØkafr osQ fnu euk;k tkrk gSA rfeyukMq
dk ;g izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g tuojh esa euk;k tkrk gSA ^iksaxy* esa [ksrksa ls lqugjs
jax dk u;k èkku dVdj fdlku osQ ?kj vkrk gSA xÂs osQ [ksr dh iQly rS;kj gksrh
gSA cxhps esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ygygk mBrk gSA bUgsa ns[kdj fdlku dk eu ukp
mBrk gSA mlosQ thou esa feBkl vk tkrh gSA laØkafr osQ fnu u, pkoy dk ehBk
Hkkr cukdj lw;Z dks p<+k;k tkrk gSA blh ehBs Hkkr dks ikasxy dgrs gSaA blh ls
R;ksgkj dk uke iksaxy iM+k gSA
X;kjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
61/iksaxy
rfeyukMq esa iksaxy R;ksgkj ikS"k ekl esa vkjaHk osQ pkj fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk
gSA iksaxy osQ igys fnu yksx ^Hkksxh* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA iwjs ?kj dh lI
+
kQkbZ dh
tkrh gSA blls i;kZoj.k LoPN gks tkrk gSA Hkksxh osQ fnu 'kke dks cPps <ksy vkSj
ckts ctkdj [kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gSaA
iksaxy osQ fnu ?kj&vk¡xu dks jaxksyh ls ltkrs gSaA ugk&èkksdj lHkh yksx u, diM+s
igurs gSaA ml fnu lc oqQN u;k gksrk gSA vk¡xu esa v¡xhBh tykdj u, crZu esa iksaxy
idk;k tkrk gSA crZu esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ck¡èk fn;k tkrk gSA xÂs osQ jl esa u;h iQly
dk pkoy idk;k tkrk gSA tc pkoy mcydj mQij mBrk gS rks mlesa nwèk Mky
nsrs gSaA nwèk osQ lkFk miQurk gqvk iksaxy crZu osQ mQij ls meM+rk gS vkSj pkjksa vksj
fjldj vk¡p esa Vid iM+rk gSA ml le; pkjksa vksj bd_s yksx [kq'kh ls ukp mBrs
gSa vkSj tks'k esa fpYykrs gSa& ^iksaxyks iksaxy!* mUgsa izlÂrk gksrh gS fd lw;Z vkSj vfXu
us iksaxy dk Hkksx Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA yksx vius ikl&iM+ksl esa iksaxy ck¡Vrs gSaA
mlosQ ckn fe=k vkSj lxs&lacaèkh lc feydj cf<+;k Hkkstu djrs gSaA iksaxy osQ fnu
gj rfey Hkk"kh] pkgs og Hkkjr osQ fdlh dksus esa jgrk gks vius ?kj igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k
djrk gSA fookfgr&yM+fd;k¡ iksaxy eukus vius ek;osQ vkrh gSaA
rhljs fnu ^ekV~Vq iksaxy* euk;k tkrk gSA rfey Hkk"kk esa ^ekMq* xk;&cSyksa dks
dgrs gSaA ^ekMq* dk vFkZ ^èku* Hkh gSA iqjkus le; esa xk;&cSy gh gekjh laifÙk FksA
Reprint 2024-25
Page 3


60/nwokZ
iksaxy
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku dk thou izo`Qfr ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
og izo`Qfr osQ lkFk gh g¡lrk&jksrk gS] ukprk&xkrk gSA cqvkbZ] flapkbZ] fujkbZ vkfn
[ksrh&ckM+h osQ lkjs dke og ekSle osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA tc pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh
Nk tkrh gS] o`{k&yrk,¡ iwQyksa ls yn tkrh gSa rc ekuo Hkh xquxqukus yxrk gSA tc
[ksr&[kfygku vukt ls Hkj tkrs gSa rc mlosQ ik¡o fFkjd mBrs gSa] og mRlo eukus
osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA R;ksgkjksa dk tUe ;gha ls gksrk gSA
iksaxy u;h iQly dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g laØkafr osQ fnu euk;k tkrk gSA rfeyukMq
dk ;g izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g tuojh esa euk;k tkrk gSA ^iksaxy* esa [ksrksa ls lqugjs
jax dk u;k èkku dVdj fdlku osQ ?kj vkrk gSA xÂs osQ [ksr dh iQly rS;kj gksrh
gSA cxhps esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ygygk mBrk gSA bUgsa ns[kdj fdlku dk eu ukp
mBrk gSA mlosQ thou esa feBkl vk tkrh gSA laØkafr osQ fnu u, pkoy dk ehBk
Hkkr cukdj lw;Z dks p<+k;k tkrk gSA blh ehBs Hkkr dks ikasxy dgrs gSaA blh ls
R;ksgkj dk uke iksaxy iM+k gSA
X;kjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
61/iksaxy
rfeyukMq esa iksaxy R;ksgkj ikS"k ekl esa vkjaHk osQ pkj fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk
gSA iksaxy osQ igys fnu yksx ^Hkksxh* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA iwjs ?kj dh lI
+
kQkbZ dh
tkrh gSA blls i;kZoj.k LoPN gks tkrk gSA Hkksxh osQ fnu 'kke dks cPps <ksy vkSj
ckts ctkdj [kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gSaA
iksaxy osQ fnu ?kj&vk¡xu dks jaxksyh ls ltkrs gSaA ugk&èkksdj lHkh yksx u, diM+s
igurs gSaA ml fnu lc oqQN u;k gksrk gSA vk¡xu esa v¡xhBh tykdj u, crZu esa iksaxy
idk;k tkrk gSA crZu esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ck¡èk fn;k tkrk gSA xÂs osQ jl esa u;h iQly
dk pkoy idk;k tkrk gSA tc pkoy mcydj mQij mBrk gS rks mlesa nwèk Mky
nsrs gSaA nwèk osQ lkFk miQurk gqvk iksaxy crZu osQ mQij ls meM+rk gS vkSj pkjksa vksj
fjldj vk¡p esa Vid iM+rk gSA ml le; pkjksa vksj bd_s yksx [kq'kh ls ukp mBrs
gSa vkSj tks'k esa fpYykrs gSa& ^iksaxyks iksaxy!* mUgsa izlÂrk gksrh gS fd lw;Z vkSj vfXu
us iksaxy dk Hkksx Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA yksx vius ikl&iM+ksl esa iksaxy ck¡Vrs gSaA
mlosQ ckn fe=k vkSj lxs&lacaèkh lc feydj cf<+;k Hkkstu djrs gSaA iksaxy osQ fnu
gj rfey Hkk"kh] pkgs og Hkkjr osQ fdlh dksus esa jgrk gks vius ?kj igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k
djrk gSA fookfgr&yM+fd;k¡ iksaxy eukus vius ek;osQ vkrh gSaA
rhljs fnu ^ekV~Vq iksaxy* euk;k tkrk gSA rfey Hkk"kk esa ^ekMq* xk;&cSyksa dks
dgrs gSaA ^ekMq* dk vFkZ ^èku* Hkh gSA iqjkus le; esa xk;&cSy gh gekjh laifÙk FksA
Reprint 2024-25
62/nwokZ
ekV~Vq iksaxy osQ fnu xk;&cSyksa dks vPNh rjg ugyk;k tkrk gSA yksx muosQ lhaxksa
dks j¡xrs gSa vkSj mUgsa jaxhu diM+ksa ls ltkrs gSaA yksx muosQ xys esa iwQy&ekyk,¡
igukrs gSa rFkk mUgsa xqM+ vkSj vPNh&vPNh ph”ksa f[kykrs gSaA 'kke dks eSnku esa cSyksa
dks nkSM+k;k tkrk gSA
pkSFks fnu ^dk.kqe iksaxy* gksrk gSA [kkuk ck¡èkdj iwjk ifjokj ?kj ls ckgj fudy
iM+rk gSA txg&txg esys yxrs gSaA yksx esyksa esa ?kwers gSa ;k vklikl osQ LFkku
ns[kus osQ fy, py iM+rs gSaA bl rjg pkjksa fnu yksx vius nSuafnu dkeksa ls Nq^h
ysdj bl R;ksgkj dk vkuan ysrs gSaA
[ksrh ls lacafèkr ;g R;ksgkj iwjs Hkkjr esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa euk;k tkrk
gSA xqtjkr ls ysdj caxky rd yksx bls laØkafr osQ uke ls eukrs gSaA mÙkj Hkkjr
esa laØkafr ij Luku dk egÙo gSA xaxk] ;equk] ueZnk] f{kizk vkfn ufn;ksa esa yksx Luku
djrs gSaA pkoy vkSj ew¡x dh nky dh f[kpM+h cukdj [kkrs&f[kykrs gSaA
egkjk"Vª eas ;g fry&xqM+ dk R;ksgkj gSA fry Lusg dk izrhd gS vkSj xqM+ feBkl
dkA yksx ,d nwljs dks fry&xqM+ nsdj dgrs gSa& ^fry&xqM+&?;k] xksM cksyk*
vFkkZrµ fry vkSj xqM+ [kkvks vkSj ehBk cksyksA iatkc esa laØkafr ls ,d fnu igys
Reprint 2024-25
Page 4


60/nwokZ
iksaxy
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku dk thou izo`Qfr ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
og izo`Qfr osQ lkFk gh g¡lrk&jksrk gS] ukprk&xkrk gSA cqvkbZ] flapkbZ] fujkbZ vkfn
[ksrh&ckM+h osQ lkjs dke og ekSle osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA tc pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh
Nk tkrh gS] o`{k&yrk,¡ iwQyksa ls yn tkrh gSa rc ekuo Hkh xquxqukus yxrk gSA tc
[ksr&[kfygku vukt ls Hkj tkrs gSa rc mlosQ ik¡o fFkjd mBrs gSa] og mRlo eukus
osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA R;ksgkjksa dk tUe ;gha ls gksrk gSA
iksaxy u;h iQly dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g laØkafr osQ fnu euk;k tkrk gSA rfeyukMq
dk ;g izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g tuojh esa euk;k tkrk gSA ^iksaxy* esa [ksrksa ls lqugjs
jax dk u;k èkku dVdj fdlku osQ ?kj vkrk gSA xÂs osQ [ksr dh iQly rS;kj gksrh
gSA cxhps esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ygygk mBrk gSA bUgsa ns[kdj fdlku dk eu ukp
mBrk gSA mlosQ thou esa feBkl vk tkrh gSA laØkafr osQ fnu u, pkoy dk ehBk
Hkkr cukdj lw;Z dks p<+k;k tkrk gSA blh ehBs Hkkr dks ikasxy dgrs gSaA blh ls
R;ksgkj dk uke iksaxy iM+k gSA
X;kjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
61/iksaxy
rfeyukMq esa iksaxy R;ksgkj ikS"k ekl esa vkjaHk osQ pkj fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk
gSA iksaxy osQ igys fnu yksx ^Hkksxh* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA iwjs ?kj dh lI
+
kQkbZ dh
tkrh gSA blls i;kZoj.k LoPN gks tkrk gSA Hkksxh osQ fnu 'kke dks cPps <ksy vkSj
ckts ctkdj [kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gSaA
iksaxy osQ fnu ?kj&vk¡xu dks jaxksyh ls ltkrs gSaA ugk&èkksdj lHkh yksx u, diM+s
igurs gSaA ml fnu lc oqQN u;k gksrk gSA vk¡xu esa v¡xhBh tykdj u, crZu esa iksaxy
idk;k tkrk gSA crZu esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ck¡èk fn;k tkrk gSA xÂs osQ jl esa u;h iQly
dk pkoy idk;k tkrk gSA tc pkoy mcydj mQij mBrk gS rks mlesa nwèk Mky
nsrs gSaA nwèk osQ lkFk miQurk gqvk iksaxy crZu osQ mQij ls meM+rk gS vkSj pkjksa vksj
fjldj vk¡p esa Vid iM+rk gSA ml le; pkjksa vksj bd_s yksx [kq'kh ls ukp mBrs
gSa vkSj tks'k esa fpYykrs gSa& ^iksaxyks iksaxy!* mUgsa izlÂrk gksrh gS fd lw;Z vkSj vfXu
us iksaxy dk Hkksx Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA yksx vius ikl&iM+ksl esa iksaxy ck¡Vrs gSaA
mlosQ ckn fe=k vkSj lxs&lacaèkh lc feydj cf<+;k Hkkstu djrs gSaA iksaxy osQ fnu
gj rfey Hkk"kh] pkgs og Hkkjr osQ fdlh dksus esa jgrk gks vius ?kj igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k
djrk gSA fookfgr&yM+fd;k¡ iksaxy eukus vius ek;osQ vkrh gSaA
rhljs fnu ^ekV~Vq iksaxy* euk;k tkrk gSA rfey Hkk"kk esa ^ekMq* xk;&cSyksa dks
dgrs gSaA ^ekMq* dk vFkZ ^èku* Hkh gSA iqjkus le; esa xk;&cSy gh gekjh laifÙk FksA
Reprint 2024-25
62/nwokZ
ekV~Vq iksaxy osQ fnu xk;&cSyksa dks vPNh rjg ugyk;k tkrk gSA yksx muosQ lhaxksa
dks j¡xrs gSa vkSj mUgsa jaxhu diM+ksa ls ltkrs gSaA yksx muosQ xys esa iwQy&ekyk,¡
igukrs gSa rFkk mUgsa xqM+ vkSj vPNh&vPNh ph”ksa f[kykrs gSaA 'kke dks eSnku esa cSyksa
dks nkSM+k;k tkrk gSA
pkSFks fnu ^dk.kqe iksaxy* gksrk gSA [kkuk ck¡èkdj iwjk ifjokj ?kj ls ckgj fudy
iM+rk gSA txg&txg esys yxrs gSaA yksx esyksa esa ?kwers gSa ;k vklikl osQ LFkku
ns[kus osQ fy, py iM+rs gSaA bl rjg pkjksa fnu yksx vius nSuafnu dkeksa ls Nq^h
ysdj bl R;ksgkj dk vkuan ysrs gSaA
[ksrh ls lacafèkr ;g R;ksgkj iwjs Hkkjr esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa euk;k tkrk
gSA xqtjkr ls ysdj caxky rd yksx bls laØkafr osQ uke ls eukrs gSaA mÙkj Hkkjr
esa laØkafr ij Luku dk egÙo gSA xaxk] ;equk] ueZnk] f{kizk vkfn ufn;ksa esa yksx Luku
djrs gSaA pkoy vkSj ew¡x dh nky dh f[kpM+h cukdj [kkrs&f[kykrs gSaA
egkjk"Vª eas ;g fry&xqM+ dk R;ksgkj gSA fry Lusg dk izrhd gS vkSj xqM+ feBkl
dkA yksx ,d nwljs dks fry&xqM+ nsdj dgrs gSa& ^fry&xqM+&?;k] xksM cksyk*
vFkkZrµ fry vkSj xqM+ [kkvks vkSj ehBk cksyksA iatkc esa laØkafr ls ,d fnu igys
Reprint 2024-25
63/iksaxy
^yksgM+h* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA ^yksgM+h* dk vFkZ gS& ^NksVh* ;k NksVh laØakfrA yksx vius
?kj ls ckgj] vk¡xu esa ;k pkSjkgs ij ydfM+;k¡ tek djrs gSaA laè;k osQ ckn L=kh&iqjQ"k vkSj
cPps ogk¡ bd_s gksrs gSa vkSj yksgM+h tykrs gSaA u;h iQly dk eDdk vkx esa Mkyk tkrk
gSA ;g [khy dh rjg iwQy mBrk gSSA yksx eDosQ dh iwQyh ([khy) vkSj fry dh jsofM+;k¡
ck¡Vrs gSaA vkil esa izse ls feyrs gSaA vjQ.kkpy izns'k esa ^ikuqÄ* dk R;ksgkj Hkh blh le;
euk;k tkrk gSA
fofoèkrk esa ,drk Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk gSA ,d gh R;ksgkj dks yksx fofoèk :iksa esa eukdj
Hkkjr dh lakLo`Qfrd ,drk dks e”kcwr cukrs gSaA
vH;kl
'kCnkFkZ
cqvkbZ djuk & cht cksuk
flapkbZ djuk & ikSèkksa@iQlyksa dks ikuh nsuk] lhapuk
fujkbZ djuk & iQly osQ vklikl mx vk, ?kkl&iwQl dks gVkuk
xquxqukuk & èkheh vkok”k esa xkuk
fFkjduk & ukpuk
p<+kuk & Hkksx yxkuk
ikS"k & iwl dk eghuk(tuojh osQ vklikl)
eaxye; & dY;k.kdkjh
vk¡p & vkx dh ykS
ek;dk & efgykvksa osQ fy, ek¡ dk ?kj
[khy & vkx esa Hkquk gqvk pkoy
Hkkst & nkor
çrhd & fu'kkuh
nSuafnu & nSfud] jks”kkuk
Reprint 2024-25
Page 5


60/nwokZ
iksaxy
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k izèkku ns'k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku dk thou izo`Qfr ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
og izo`Qfr osQ lkFk gh g¡lrk&jksrk gS] ukprk&xkrk gSA cqvkbZ] flapkbZ] fujkbZ vkfn
[ksrh&ckM+h osQ lkjs dke og ekSle osQ vuqlkj djrk gSA tc pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh
Nk tkrh gS] o`{k&yrk,¡ iwQyksa ls yn tkrh gSa rc ekuo Hkh xquxqukus yxrk gSA tc
[ksr&[kfygku vukt ls Hkj tkrs gSa rc mlosQ ik¡o fFkjd mBrs gSa] og mRlo eukus
osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA R;ksgkjksa dk tUe ;gha ls gksrk gSA
iksaxy u;h iQly dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g laØkafr osQ fnu euk;k tkrk gSA rfeyukMq
dk ;g izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g tuojh esa euk;k tkrk gSA ^iksaxy* esa [ksrksa ls lqugjs
jax dk u;k èkku dVdj fdlku osQ ?kj vkrk gSA xÂs osQ [ksr dh iQly rS;kj gksrh
gSA cxhps esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ygygk mBrk gSA bUgsa ns[kdj fdlku dk eu ukp
mBrk gSA mlosQ thou esa feBkl vk tkrh gSA laØkafr osQ fnu u, pkoy dk ehBk
Hkkr cukdj lw;Z dks p<+k;k tkrk gSA blh ehBs Hkkr dks ikasxy dgrs gSaA blh ls
R;ksgkj dk uke iksaxy iM+k gSA
X;kjgok¡ ikB
Reprint 2024-25
61/iksaxy
rfeyukMq esa iksaxy R;ksgkj ikS"k ekl esa vkjaHk osQ pkj fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk
gSA iksaxy osQ igys fnu yksx ^Hkksxh* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA iwjs ?kj dh lI
+
kQkbZ dh
tkrh gSA blls i;kZoj.k LoPN gks tkrk gSA Hkksxh osQ fnu 'kke dks cPps <ksy vkSj
ckts ctkdj [kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gSaA
iksaxy osQ fnu ?kj&vk¡xu dks jaxksyh ls ltkrs gSaA ugk&èkksdj lHkh yksx u, diM+s
igurs gSaA ml fnu lc oqQN u;k gksrk gSA vk¡xu esa v¡xhBh tykdj u, crZu esa iksaxy
idk;k tkrk gSA crZu esa gYnh dk ikSèkk ck¡èk fn;k tkrk gSA xÂs osQ jl esa u;h iQly
dk pkoy idk;k tkrk gSA tc pkoy mcydj mQij mBrk gS rks mlesa nwèk Mky
nsrs gSaA nwèk osQ lkFk miQurk gqvk iksaxy crZu osQ mQij ls meM+rk gS vkSj pkjksa vksj
fjldj vk¡p esa Vid iM+rk gSA ml le; pkjksa vksj bd_s yksx [kq'kh ls ukp mBrs
gSa vkSj tks'k esa fpYykrs gSa& ^iksaxyks iksaxy!* mUgsa izlÂrk gksrh gS fd lw;Z vkSj vfXu
us iksaxy dk Hkksx Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA yksx vius ikl&iM+ksl esa iksaxy ck¡Vrs gSaA
mlosQ ckn fe=k vkSj lxs&lacaèkh lc feydj cf<+;k Hkkstu djrs gSaA iksaxy osQ fnu
gj rfey Hkk"kh] pkgs og Hkkjr osQ fdlh dksus esa jgrk gks vius ?kj igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k
djrk gSA fookfgr&yM+fd;k¡ iksaxy eukus vius ek;osQ vkrh gSaA
rhljs fnu ^ekV~Vq iksaxy* euk;k tkrk gSA rfey Hkk"kk esa ^ekMq* xk;&cSyksa dks
dgrs gSaA ^ekMq* dk vFkZ ^èku* Hkh gSA iqjkus le; esa xk;&cSy gh gekjh laifÙk FksA
Reprint 2024-25
62/nwokZ
ekV~Vq iksaxy osQ fnu xk;&cSyksa dks vPNh rjg ugyk;k tkrk gSA yksx muosQ lhaxksa
dks j¡xrs gSa vkSj mUgsa jaxhu diM+ksa ls ltkrs gSaA yksx muosQ xys esa iwQy&ekyk,¡
igukrs gSa rFkk mUgsa xqM+ vkSj vPNh&vPNh ph”ksa f[kykrs gSaA 'kke dks eSnku esa cSyksa
dks nkSM+k;k tkrk gSA
pkSFks fnu ^dk.kqe iksaxy* gksrk gSA [kkuk ck¡èkdj iwjk ifjokj ?kj ls ckgj fudy
iM+rk gSA txg&txg esys yxrs gSaA yksx esyksa esa ?kwers gSa ;k vklikl osQ LFkku
ns[kus osQ fy, py iM+rs gSaA bl rjg pkjksa fnu yksx vius nSuafnu dkeksa ls Nq^h
ysdj bl R;ksgkj dk vkuan ysrs gSaA
[ksrh ls lacafèkr ;g R;ksgkj iwjs Hkkjr esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa euk;k tkrk
gSA xqtjkr ls ysdj caxky rd yksx bls laØkafr osQ uke ls eukrs gSaA mÙkj Hkkjr
esa laØkafr ij Luku dk egÙo gSA xaxk] ;equk] ueZnk] f{kizk vkfn ufn;ksa esa yksx Luku
djrs gSaA pkoy vkSj ew¡x dh nky dh f[kpM+h cukdj [kkrs&f[kykrs gSaA
egkjk"Vª eas ;g fry&xqM+ dk R;ksgkj gSA fry Lusg dk izrhd gS vkSj xqM+ feBkl
dkA yksx ,d nwljs dks fry&xqM+ nsdj dgrs gSa& ^fry&xqM+&?;k] xksM cksyk*
vFkkZrµ fry vkSj xqM+ [kkvks vkSj ehBk cksyksA iatkc esa laØkafr ls ,d fnu igys
Reprint 2024-25
63/iksaxy
^yksgM+h* dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA ^yksgM+h* dk vFkZ gS& ^NksVh* ;k NksVh laØakfrA yksx vius
?kj ls ckgj] vk¡xu esa ;k pkSjkgs ij ydfM+;k¡ tek djrs gSaA laè;k osQ ckn L=kh&iqjQ"k vkSj
cPps ogk¡ bd_s gksrs gSa vkSj yksgM+h tykrs gSaA u;h iQly dk eDdk vkx esa Mkyk tkrk
gSA ;g [khy dh rjg iwQy mBrk gSSA yksx eDosQ dh iwQyh ([khy) vkSj fry dh jsofM+;k¡
ck¡Vrs gSaA vkil esa izse ls feyrs gSaA vjQ.kkpy izns'k esa ^ikuqÄ* dk R;ksgkj Hkh blh le;
euk;k tkrk gSA
fofoèkrk esa ,drk Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk gSA ,d gh R;ksgkj dks yksx fofoèk :iksa esa eukdj
Hkkjr dh lakLo`Qfrd ,drk dks e”kcwr cukrs gSaA
vH;kl
'kCnkFkZ
cqvkbZ djuk & cht cksuk
flapkbZ djuk & ikSèkksa@iQlyksa dks ikuh nsuk] lhapuk
fujkbZ djuk & iQly osQ vklikl mx vk, ?kkl&iwQl dks gVkuk
xquxqukuk & èkheh vkok”k esa xkuk
fFkjduk & ukpuk
p<+kuk & Hkksx yxkuk
ikS"k & iwl dk eghuk(tuojh osQ vklikl)
eaxye; & dY;k.kdkjh
vk¡p & vkx dh ykS
ek;dk & efgykvksa osQ fy, ek¡ dk ?kj
[khy & vkx esa Hkquk gqvk pkoy
Hkkst & nkor
çrhd & fu'kkuh
nSuafnu & nSfud] jks”kkuk
Reprint 2024-25
64/nwokZ
1- ikB ls
d iksaxy dk R;ksgkj vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa vyx&vyx
ukeksa ls euk;k tkrk gSA ikB osQ vkèkkj ij rkfydk HkjksA
Ø-l- jkT; R;ksgkj dk uke
[k iksaxy pkj fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk gSA çR;sd fnu osQ eq[; fØ;k&dyki crkvksA
x Hkkjr ,d Ñf"k çèkku ns'k gSA bl ckr dks fl¼ djus osQ fy, nks mnkgj.k nksA
2- rqEgkjh ilan
rqEgkjs çns'k esa dkSu&dkSu ls R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSa\ rqEgsa dkSu lk R;ksgkj lcls vPNk yxrk gS\
3- [ksrh&ckM+h
ikB esa [ksrh ls tqM+s vusd 'kCn vk, gSaA rqe [ksrh ;k ckxokuh ls tqM+s oqQN vkS”kkjksa
osQ uke crkvksA
4- jaxksyh
d ikasaxy osQ fnu ?kj vk¡xu dks jaxksyh ls ltkrs gSaA jaxksyh cukus osQ fy, fdu&fdu
ph”kksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\ lwph cukvksA
[k uhps nh xbZ txg esa jaxksyh dk dksbZ fM”kkbu cukvksA
Reprint 2024-25
Read More
375 docs

Top Courses for Class 7

375 docs
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for Class 7 exam

Top Courses for Class 7

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

NCERT Textbook: पोंगल | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7

,

NCERT Textbook: पोंगल | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7

,

Extra Questions

,

pdf

,

Objective type Questions

,

Exam

,

video lectures

,

past year papers

,

practice quizzes

,

mock tests for examination

,

Summary

,

study material

,

MCQs

,

NCERT Textbook: पोंगल | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Viva Questions

,

Sample Paper

,

ppt

,

Free

,

Semester Notes

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Important questions

;