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Short Question Answers: Biodiversity and Conservation | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q. 1. How are plants and animals important to mankind?
Ans. Human is a herbivore as well carnivore and consumes a substantial number of different plant and animal species. Early humans were dependent upon those plants that produced food. They were also dependent upon herbivores that were capable of relatively easy management. They domesticated animals early in history.
Plants and animals provide meat products and dairy products to feed millions of people.

Q. 2. What is conservation of Bio-diversity?
Ans. 
Conservation of bio-diversity is a strategy to maintain and evolve species. This will maintain gene pools. It will prove valuable for the future generations.

Q. 3. Trace the history of Bio-diversity. Which region has the highest Bio-diversity?
Ans. Bio-diversity is the result bio-diversity than in any other period. Since the emergence of humans, however, bio-diversity has begun a rapid decline, with one species after another suffering extinction. The number of species, globally vary from 2 million to 100 million, with 10 million being the estimate. Most of the diversity is found in tropical forests.

Q. 4. Explain the role of species in Eco-system.
Ans.
(i) Species capture and store energy.
(ii) These produce organic material.
(iii) These help in cycle of water and nutrients.
(iv) These fix atmospheric gases.

Q. 5. What are the causes of Bio-Diversity?
Ans. Weathering is the basis of Bio-diversity input of solar energy and water cause Bio-diversity. The areas which are rich in these inputs are the areas of wide spectrum of Bio-diversity.

Q. 6. Bio-diversity is a system of Constant Evolution. Explain.
Ans.
Bio-diversity is the living wealth. It is a result of hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history. Bio-diversity is not static. It is a system in constant evolution, from a species, as well as from an individual organism point of view. The average half-life of a species is estimated at between one and four million years, and 99% of the species that have ever lived on earth are today extinct. Bio-diversity is not distributed evenly on earth. It is consistently richer in the tropics. As one approaches polar regions one finds larger and larger populations of fewer and fewer species.

Q. 7. Classify different species on the basis of conservation of plants and animals.
Ans. 
The International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has classified the threatened species of plants and animals into three categories for the purpose of their conservation.
1. Endangered Species. It includes those species which are in danger of extinction. The IUCN publishes information about endangered species worldwide as the Red List of threatened species.
2. Vulnerable Species. This includes the species which are likely to be in danger of extinction in near future if the factors threatening to their extinction continue. Survival of these species is not assured as their population has reduced greatly.
3. Rare Species. Population of these species is very small in the world, they are confined to limited areas or thinly scattered over a wider area.

Q. 8. State the four causes of loss of Biodiversity.
Ans. 
(i) Natural calamities
(ii) Pesticides
(iii) Exotic species
(iv) Illegal Hunting.

Q. 9. State two aspects of conservation of species.
Ans. 
(i) Man should practise environment friendly activities.
(ii) Sustainable development should be aimed at.
(iii) Cooperation of local communities be involved.

Q. 10. What do you know by ‘Mega Diversity Centres’. Name the important mega diversity centres of the world.
Ans. The countries situated in Tropical Regions have a large number of world’s, species diversity.
These are called Mega Diversity Centres.’ There are 12 such countries namely—Mexico, Columbia, Equador, Peru, Brazil, Zaire, Madagasar, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia.

The document Short Question Answers: Biodiversity and Conservation | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts is a part of the Humanities/Arts Course Geography Class 11.
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FAQs on Short Question Answers: Biodiversity and Conservation - Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts

1. What is biodiversity and why is it important?
Ans. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms in a particular ecosystem or on Earth as a whole. It includes the diversity of species, genetic diversity within species, and the diversity of ecosystems. Biodiversity is important as it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, providing essential ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. It also contributes to the cultural, aesthetic, and economic value of our planet.
2. How is biodiversity measured and monitored?
Ans. Biodiversity can be measured and monitored using various methods. One common approach is to conduct biodiversity surveys, where scientists document and count different species in a given area. This can involve field observations, specimen collection, and DNA analysis. Another method is the use of remote sensing technologies, such as satellite imagery, to assess changes in land cover and habitat loss. Additionally, scientists use indicators like species richness, species abundance, and evenness to measure biodiversity.
3. What are the main threats to biodiversity?
Ans. Biodiversity faces several threats, including habitat loss, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization contribute to habitat destruction, leading to the loss of biodiversity. Overhunting and overfishing can result in the decline or extinction of certain species. Pollution from industries, agriculture, and waste disposal can also negatively impact biodiversity. Climate change alters habitats and disrupts ecosystems, while invasive species outcompete native species for resources.
4. How does conservation help protect biodiversity?
Ans. Conservation efforts aim to protect and restore biodiversity by conserving ecosystems, species, and genetic resources. This can be achieved through various strategies such as establishing protected areas, implementing sustainable land and resource management practices, promoting biodiversity-friendly practices in agriculture and forestry, and raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity. Conservation also involves monitoring and managing endangered species, conducting research, and implementing laws and policies to regulate human activities that harm biodiversity.
5. What can individuals do to contribute to biodiversity conservation?
Ans. Individuals can contribute to biodiversity conservation in several ways. Firstly, they can support conservation organizations by volunteering, donating, or participating in community-based conservation projects. Secondly, individuals can practice sustainable living by reducing their carbon footprint, conserving water, and minimizing waste. Planting native species in gardens and creating wildlife-friendly habitats can also provide support to local biodiversity. Lastly, spreading awareness about biodiversity and its importance to friends, family, and communities can help inspire collective action towards conservation.
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