Short Questions With Answers - Physiology and Sports | Physical Education Class 12(XII) - Notes & Model Test Papers - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q.1. What is flexibility?
Ans. Flexibility is the range of movement of a joint. The range of joints varies significantly from joint to joint & depends on the surrounding tendons, ligaments & muscle tissues

Q.2. what is aging?

Ans. Aging is a process of continuous & irreversible decline in the efficiency of various physiological functions.

Q.3. What is stroke volume?
Ans. Stroke volume is a volume, which the heart pumps out the blood in a stroke in the aorta.

Q.4. Define oxygen intake?
Ans. It is the amount of oxygen, which can be taken by the lungs from the atmosphere.

Q.5. Define physical fitness?
Ans. Physical fitness is considered a measure of the body’s ability to perform effectively & efficiently in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, resist hyperkinetic disease & emergency situations.

Q.6. What is cardiac output?
Ans. The total volume of blood pumped by heart per minute, cardiac output = heart rate Stroke volume.

Q.7. What is oxygen uptake?
Ans. the amount of oxygen, which can be absorbed and consumed by the working muscles from the blood.

Q.8. What do you mean by physiology?
Ans. Physiology is the division of biology that deals with the functions and activities of living organisms & their parts as well as physical and chemical process i.e. Nutrition, movement & reproduction, which are the living activities.

Q.9. Define the Respiratory System?
Ans. It is a system in which organs take oxygen inside and throw away carbon dioxide from the body

Q.10. Define Blood Vessels?
Ans. Blood vessels are, tube-like structures in the body, in which, blood flows from the heart to cell and vice-versa. Three types of blood cells arteries, veins & capillaries.

Q.11. What do you mean by circulatory system?
Ans. The body system, which specialized function for transporting Air, Nutrients, Waste Material, Hormones and Enzymes. It consists of Heart, Blood vessels & glands.

Q.12. What is ‘Trachea?
Ans. The trachea is a hollow windpipe, which permanently kept and is lined with ciliated epithelium tissues.

Q.13. What is the Tidal Volume?
Ans. it is the volume of Air, Ventilated with one normal inhalation during ordinary respiration.

Q.14. what is a vital capacity?
Ans. It is the volume of air that can be expelled by the most forceful expiration after the deepest inspiration.

Q.15. What is VO2 max (maximum oxygen uptake)
Ans. it is the maximum amount of oxygen utilized by the body in one minute.

Q.16. Explain Aerobic capacity?
Ans. It means to perform an activity with maximum use of oxygen to produce energy for that activity.

Q.17. Define total Lung volume?
Ans. It is the volume of Air, which, the lungs can accommodate after a deep inspiration.

Q.18. Explain Muscle Fibre?
Ans. The muscles tissue consists of a specialized contractile cell. The type of muscle fibre in the body
1. Fast-twitch fibres - White fibres.
2. Slow-twitch fibres - (Red Fibres)

Q.19. What is myoglobin?
Ans. The myoglobin is a typical protein present in muscle fibre to store oxygen which produces energy in emergencies.

Q.20. Define Anaerobic Capacity?
Ans. It means to perform an activity without the use of oxygen to produce energy for that activity within the body and its resultant products are:- Lactic Acid Carbon dioxide Water

Q.21. Write the immediate effects of exercise on the Cardio-Vascular system?
Ans. 1. Increase in heart rate:- When an individual starts to exercise, his heart rate increases as per the intensity and duration of the exercise.
2. Increase in stroke volume:- Stroke volume increases proportionally with exercise intensity. It is measured in ml/ beat.
3. Increase in cardiac output:- Cardiac output increases proportionally with the intensity of exercise is measured in ltr/ minute.
4. Increases in blood flow:- Cardio-vascular can be distributed more blood to those tissues which have more demand and less blood & those tissues which have less demand for oxygen. The blood is moved away from the main organs such as liver, intestine and kidney in fact it is redirected to the skin to enhance heat loss.
5. Increase in blood pressure:- During the exercise, systolic blood pressure can increase while diastolic blood pressure usually remains unchanged even during the intensive exercise.

Q.22. Write the effects of exercise on the muscular system?
Ans. 1. Increase in Muscle Mass:- Through the regular exercise, the cells of the muscle are enlarged, which change the size and shape of the muscle.
2. Control extra fat:- Regular exercise controls extra fat of the body. Exercise burns calories, which is taken in the form of fat. This increases the lean mass in the body.
3. Delays fatigue:- Regular exercise delays fatigue. This fatigue is mainly due to the formation of carbon dioxide, lactic acid and acid phosphate. The accumulation of carbon dioxide, acid phosphate, lactic acid become less in a person who performs regular exercise.
4. Posture:- Regular exercise helps in improving posture by improving postural deformities.
5. Strength and speed:- Regular exercise improves the strength and speed of muscle cells. This is partially due to the hypertrophy of muscles and partially due to an increase in the capacity of giving and receiving a stimulus.

Q.23. Describe the effects of exercise on the respiratory system?
Ans. The effect of exercise on the respiratory system is closely linked with the effect of exercise on the circulatory and muscular system. This means that the effect produced on the respiratory system by training are improved lung capacity and gas exchange.
1. Improved tidal volume and vital capacity of lungs.
2. Improved aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
3. Avoid second wind.
4. Increased will power.
5. Unused alveoles become active during regular exercise activity because a large amount of oxygen is required in the vigorous and prolonged exercise of daily routine. The passive alveoles becomes active.