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Conjunctions

Conjunction is a word that connects words, groups of words, or sentences.
For example:
 (i) I helped him because he was needy.
 (ii) Ratna is studying but her brother is playing.
 (iii) John and David are good friends.
 (iv) Do you know that he is a man of knowledge?

All the italicised words are conjunctions because they join words, groups of words or sentences.

Kinds Of Conjunction

1. Coordinating Conjunction
(i) Coordinating conjunctions join two words or sentences of equal rank or order. For example:

  • The sun rises in the east. The sun sets in the west. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  • Nidhi loves noodles. Her sister loves chocolates. Nidhi loves noodles but her sister loves chocolates.
  • Walk fast. You will miss the bus. Walk fast or you will miss the bus.
  • Ratna is intelligent. She does not get good marks. Ratna is intelligent yet she does not get good marks.

(ii) We also label a conjunction as coordinating when it connects single words together, as single words are of the same rank or order.

Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions

  • (i) Two and two make four.
  • (ii) Time and tide wait for none.

2. Subordinating Conjunction
(i) Subordinating conjunctions join two sentences of unequal rank or order. One of the sentences depends on the other.

(ii) Take the first sentence. It contains two statements:

  • (A). could not go to school because. was ill.
  • (B) These two statements are not independent; they cannot stand alone. The phrase “because I was ill” depends on “I could not go to school” for its full meaning. This shows that the two sentences do not hold equal rank or order. Thus, the word because is a subordinating conjunction.

(iii) In other sentences, words like if, though, and unless connect two sentences of unequal rank or order. Therefore, they are all subordinating conjunctions.

Note: The subordinating conjunction is always the first word in the dependent sentence.

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FAQs on Kinds of Conjunctions - Conjunctions - English Class 8

1. What are the different kinds of conjunctions?
Ans. There are three main kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions (like 'and', 'but', 'or') connect words or groups of words that are equal in structure. Subordinating conjunctions (like 'because', 'although', 'since') connect an independent clause with a dependent clause. Correlative conjunctions (like 'either...or', 'neither...nor') work in pairs to connect balanced words or phrases.
2. How do I identify coordinating conjunctions in a sentence?
Ans. Coordinating conjunctions can be identified by looking for the words 'for', 'and', 'nor', 'but', 'or', 'yet', and 'so' (often remembered with the acronym FANBOYS). These words connect similar parts of a sentence, such as two nouns, two verbs, or two independent clauses. For example, in the sentence "I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain," the word 'but' is a coordinating conjunction.
3. Can you give examples of subordinating conjunctions?
Ans. Yes, subordinating conjunctions include words like 'because', 'although', 'if', 'when', 'since', and 'while'. These conjunctions introduce dependent clauses that cannot stand alone as complete sentences. For example, in the sentence "Although it was raining, we went for a picnic," 'although' is the subordinating conjunction that connects the dependent clause to the independent clause.
4. What are correlative conjunctions and how are they used?
Ans. Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to connect balanced words or phrases. Common pairs include 'either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', and 'not only...but also'. For example, in the sentence "Neither the cat nor the dog wanted to go outside," the correlative conjunction 'neither...nor' connects two subjects.
5. Why is it important to use conjunctions correctly in writing?
Ans. Using conjunctions correctly is important because they help to clarify relationships between ideas, improve the flow of writing, and enhance sentence structure. Proper use of conjunctions ensures that sentences are not only grammatically correct but also coherent and easy to understand, which is essential for effective communication.
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