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Common Soils in India - Introduction of Soil Mechanics | Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering PDF Download

Common Soils in India

The common Indian soils are presented below:

(i) Marine deposits: These soils are found along the coast in narrow tidal plains. These are very soft with low shear strength and high compressibility. Construction of structures on these soils is very challenging due to low bearing capacity and excessive settlement.

(ii) Laterites soils: These soils are found in Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, and West Bengal. These are formed due to the decomposition of rocks and reddish in color.

(iii) Black cotton soils: These are expansive soils found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

(iv) Alluvial soils: These are found in Assam to Punjab covering a large part of northern India. These soils have alternating layers of sand, silt and clay.

(v) Desert soils: These are found in large parts of Rajasthan.

(vi) Boulder deposits: These are found in the sub-Himalayan regions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

The document Common Soils in India - Introduction of Soil Mechanics | Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering is a part of the Agricultural Engineering Course Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering.
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FAQs on Common Soils in India - Introduction of Soil Mechanics - Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering

1. What are the common types of soils found in India?
Ans. India has a wide variety of soils. The common types of soils found in India include black soil, red soil, alluvial soil, laterite soil, and mountain soil.
2. What is black soil and where is it found in India?
Ans. Black soil, also known as regur soil, is characterized by its high fertility and moisture-retaining capacity. It is found in the Deccan Plateau, particularly in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.
3. What are the characteristics of red soil?
Ans. Red soil is generally sandy or clayey in texture and has a reddish color due to the presence of iron oxide. It is well-drained but lacks fertility. Red soil is found in regions with moderate rainfall, such as parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Odisha.
4. What is alluvial soil and where is it predominantly found in India?
Ans. Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition of silt, sand, and clay carried by rivers. It is highly fertile and suitable for agriculture. Alluvial soil is predominantly found in the Indo-Gangetic plains, covering states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.
5. What are the main characteristics of laterite soil and where is it found?
Ans. Laterite soil is formed in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. It is rich in iron oxides but lacks fertility due to leaching. Laterite soil is found in regions with tropical climates, such as parts of Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra.
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