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Melting and Boiling Points | Additional Study Material for JEE PDF Download
What is Boiling Point?
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure of the liquid and the liquid is converted to vapour. The boiling point of the liquid depends upon the pressure of the surrounding. When the liquid is at high pressure, it has higher boiling point than the boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure. The boiling point of different liquids is different for a given pressure. In 1982 IUPAC, defined standard boiling point which is the temperature at which liquid boils under the pressure of 1 bar. The boiling point changes with altitude and that’s why when we go to mountain areas i.e. at higher altitudes cooking food takes more time because the pressure decreases and therefore because of this it takes more time in cooking food at hilly areas.
What is Melting Point?
The temperature at which solid changes its state to liquid at an atmospheric pressure is called the melting point of that liquid. This is the point at which both liquid and solid phase exists at equilibrium. The melting point of the substance also varies with pressure and is specified at standard pressure.
Another term is freezing point which is just reverse of melting point which is the temperature at which liquid is converted to solid. Technically, you can say that melting point and freezing point are not same because a substance can be super cooled below its freezing point without forming solid.
Let us know the boiling point and melting point of different substances:
| Name of the substance | Boiling point(K) | Melting point(K) |
| Aluminium | 2740 | 932 |
| Copper | 1460 | 1359 |
| Gold | 2933 | 1336 |
| Hydrogen | 20.3 | 13.8 |
| Mercury | 630 | 234 |
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FAQs on Melting and Boiling Points - Additional Study Material for JEE
| 1. What is the melting point of water? |  |
Ans. The melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
| 2. What is the boiling point of water? | |
Ans. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
| 3. How does the atmospheric pressure affect the boiling point of a substance? | |
Ans. Atmospheric pressure affects the boiling point of a substance. When the atmospheric pressure increases, the boiling point of a substance also increases. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure decreases, the boiling point of a substance decreases.
| 4. Why do different substances have different melting and boiling points? | |
Ans. Different substances have different melting and boiling points due to variations in their molecular structures and intermolecular forces. The strength of these forces determines the energy required to break the bonds and change the state of the substance.
| 5. Can the melting and boiling points of a substance change under different conditions? | |
Ans. Yes, the melting and boiling points of a substance can change under different conditions such as changes in pressure or the presence of impurities. For example, adding impurities to a substance may lower its melting point and raise its boiling point. Additionally, changes in altitude or atmospheric pressure can also affect the melting and boiling points of substances.
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