JEE Exam > JEE Notes > Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced > Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced PDF Download
Nitration of Benzene
Benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid at 323-333K in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. This reaction is known as nitration of benzene.
The mechanism for nitration of benzene:
Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion.
Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion.
Step 3: The arenium ion then loses its proton to Lewis base forming nitrobenzene.
Sulphonation of Benzene:
Sulphonation of benzene is a process of heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H2SO4 +SO3) to produce benzenesulphonic acid. The reaction is reversible in nature.
The mechanism for Sulphonation of benzene:
Due to higher electronegativity, oxygen present in sulphuric acid pulls an electron towards itself, generating an electrophile. This attacks the benzene ring, leading to the formation of benzenesulphonic acid.
Halogenation of Benzene
Benzene reacts with halogens in the presence of Lewis acid like FeCl3, FeBr3 to form aryl halides. This reaction is termed as halogenation of benzene.
The mechanism for halogenation of benzene:
Step 1: Being a Lewis acid, FeBr3 helps in the generation of electrophile bromine ion by combining with the attacking reagent.
Step 2: The bromine ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form arenium ion which finally converts to bromobenzene.
The document Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced is a part of the JEE Course Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced.
All you need of JEE at this link: JEE
|
352 videos|596 docs|309 tests
|
FAQs on Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation - Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
| 1. What is nitration? |  |
Ans. Nitration is a chemical reaction in which a nitro group (-NO2) is introduced into a molecule. It is commonly used in the production of explosives, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. In this process, a compound is reacted with a mixture of nitric acid and a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid, to replace one or more hydrogen atoms with a nitro group.
| 2. What is sulphonation? | |
Ans. Sulphonation is a chemical process in which a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) is introduced into a molecule. It is widely utilized in the production of detergents, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. In this reaction, a compound is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid, resulting in the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a sulfonic acid group.
| 3. What is halogenation? | |
Ans. Halogenation refers to the introduction of halogen atoms, such as chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I), into a molecule. It is commonly used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and water treatment. During halogenation, a compound reacts with a halogen gas or a halogenating agent to replace one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.
| 4. How are nitration, sulphonation, and halogenation useful in the production of pharmaceuticals? | |
Ans. Nitration, sulphonation, and halogenation play crucial roles in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Nitration can introduce functional groups that enhance the biological activity of drugs, while sulphonation can improve the water solubility and stability of pharmaceutical compounds. Halogenation, on the other hand, can alter the properties of drugs, such as their bioavailability and metabolism. These chemical reactions allow chemists to modify drug molecules to optimize their therapeutic effects.
| 5. Are there any safety concerns associated with nitration, sulphonation, and halogenation processes? | |
Ans. Yes, there are safety concerns associated with nitration, sulphonation, and halogenation processes. These reactions often involve the use of strong acids and reactive compounds, which can be corrosive, toxic, or even explosive. It is vital to follow proper safety protocols, such as wearing protective clothing, working in a well-ventilated area, and using appropriate equipment to minimize the risk of accidents or exposure to hazardous substances. Additionally, waste management and disposal of byproducts from these reactions must be handled with care to avoid environmental contamination.
Related Exams
About this Document
|
2.9K Views |
|
4.98/5 Rating |
|
Nov 23, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation for JEE 2024 is part of Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced preparation.
The notes and questions for Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation have been prepared according to the JEE exam syllabus. Information about Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation covers topics
like and Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation Example, for JEE 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation.
Introduction of Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation in English is available as part of our Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
for JEE & Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation in Hindi for Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced course.
Download more important topics related with notes, lectures and mock test series for JEE
Exam by signing up for free. JEE: Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
Description
Full syllabus notes, lecture & questions for Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced - JEE | Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced | Best notes, free PDF download
Information about Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation
In this doc you can find the meaning of Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides explaining types of
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation tests, examples and also practice JEE
tests
|
352 videos|596 docs|309 tests
|
Download as PDF
|
Explore Courses for JEE exam
|
|
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
Related Searches
past year papers
,study material
,Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
,Nitration
,Objective type Questions
,Previous Year Questions with Solutions
,ppt
,practice quizzes
,Summary
,Nitration
,Viva Questions
,Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
,Important questions
,shortcuts and tricks
,Extra Questions
,Nitration
,MCQs
,Exam
,Sulphonation and Halogenation | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
,video lectures
,Free
,Semester Notes
,mock tests for examination
,Sample Paper
;
Additional Information about Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation for JEE Preparation
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation Free PDF Download
The Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the JEE exam.
These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective.
With the help of these notes, you can grasp complex subjects quickly, revise important points easily,
and reinforce your understanding of key concepts. The study notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner,
allowing you to optimize your learning process. Whether you're looking for best-recommended books, sample papers, study material,
or toppers' notes, this PDF has got you covered. Download the Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation now and kickstart your journey towards success in the JEE exam.
Importance of Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation
The importance of Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation cannot be overstated, especially for JEE aspirants.
This document holds the key to success in the JEE exam.
It offers a detailed understanding of the concept, providing invaluable insights into the topic.
By knowing the concepts well in advance, students can plan their preparation effectively.
Utilize this indispensable guide for a well-rounded preparation and achieve your desired results.
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation Notes
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation Notes offer in-depth insights into the specific topic to help you master it with ease.
This comprehensive document covers all aspects related to Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation.
It includes detailed information about the exam syllabus, recommended books, and study materials for a well-rounded preparation.
Practice papers and question papers enable you to assess your progress effectively.
Additionally, the paper analysis provides valuable tips for tackling the exam strategically.
Access to Toppers' notes gives you an edge in understanding complex concepts.
Whether you're a beginner or aiming for advanced proficiency, Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation Notes on EduRev are your ultimate resource for success.
Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation JEE Questions
The "Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation JEE Questions" guide is a valuable resource for all aspiring students preparing for the
JEE exam. It focuses on providing a wide range of practice questions to help students gauge
their understanding of the exam topics. These questions cover the entire syllabus, ensuring comprehensive preparation.
The guide includes previous years' question papers for students to familiarize themselves with the exam's format and difficulty level.
Additionally, it offers subject-specific question banks, allowing students to focus on weak areas and improve their performance.
Study Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation on the App
Students of JEE can study Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation alongwith tests & analysis from the EduRev app,
which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation,
students can also utilize the EduRev App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc.
The EduRev App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want.
The content of Nitration, Sulphonation and Halogenation is prepared as per the latest JEE syllabus.
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
Follow Us
|
Signup to see your scores
go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup