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Important facts about India. - UPSC PDF Download
देश के अन्य नाम – हिन्दुस्तान, इंडिया, आर्यव्रत , भारत
देश की राजधानी – नई दिल्ली (New Delhi)
देश का क्षेत्रफल – 32,87,263
भारत की राष्ट्रभाषा – हिंदी
कुल राज्य – 29
केंद्र शासित प्रदेश – 7
कुल जिले – 640
कुल गाँव – 6.40 लाख (लगभग)
देश का अक्षांशीय विस्तार – 84०उत्तरी अक्षांश से 37०6’ उत्तरी अक्षांश तक
देश का देशान्तरीय विस्तार – 68०7’ पूर्वी देशांतर से 97०25’पूर्वी देशांतर तक
पूर्व से पश्चिम तक देश का विस्तार – 2,934 कि. मी.
उत्तर से दक्षिण तक देश का विस्तार – 3,21,4 कि. मी.
मानक समय के लिए चयनित स्थान – इलाहाबाद (Allahabad)
देश के दक्षिण छोर से भूमध्य रेखा की दूरी – 876 कि.मी.
देश की मुख्य भूमि पर सबसे दक्षिणी छोर – कन्याकुमारी (Kanyakumari)
भारत की स्थलीय सीमा कुल लम्बाई – 15,200 कि. मी.
भारत की सीमा से सटे देश – नेपाल, भूटान, चीन, श्रीलंका, बांग्लादेश, म्यांमार, पाकिस्तान
भारतीय सीमा को स्पर्श करनेवाला सागर तथा समुद्र – हिन्द महासागर, अरब महासागर बंगाल की खाड़ी
राष्ट्रीय आदर्श शब्द – सत्यमेव जयते
राष्ट्रीय फल – आम
राष्ट्रीय फूल – कमल
राष्ट्रीय खेल – हॉकी
सबसे अधिक वर्षा का स्थान – मसिनारम (मेघालय)
सर्वाधिक घनी आबादी वाला राज्य – बिहार (Bihar)
सबसे अधिक वनों वाला राज्य – असम (Assam)
सबसे अधिक जनसंख्या वाला नगर – मुम्बई
सबसे पूर्वी राज्य – अरुणाचल प्रदेश (Arunachal Pradesh)
सबसे पश्चिमी राज्य – गुजरात (Gujarat)
सबसे उत्तरी राज्य – कश्मीर (Kashmir)
सबसे दक्षिणी राज्य – तमिलनाडु (Tamil Nadu)
सर्वाधिक गानों वाली फिल्म – इन्द्रसभा (1933)
सबसे तेज गति से चलने वाली रेलगाड़ी – शताब्दी एक्सप्रेस (नई दिल्ली से भोपाल)
सबसे महँगा नगर – बैंगलोर
सर्वाधिक प्रदूषण फ़ैलाने वाला शहर – कोलकाता
भारत की कुल भाषाएँ – 1952 (लगभग)
सर्वोच्च राष्ट्रीय सम्मान – भारत रत्न
सर्वाधिकार अनूसूचित जाति वाला राज्य – उत्तर प्रदेश (Uttar Pradesh)
सर्वाधिक अनूसूचित जनजाति वाला राज्य – मध्यप्रदेश (Madhya Pradesh)
सर्वाधिक साक्षरता वाला राज्य – केरल (Kerala) (93.91 प्रतिशत)
सबसे कम वर्ष का स्थान – लेह
FAQs on Important facts about India. - UPSC
| 1. What are some important facts about India? |  |
Ans. India is the seventh-largest country by land area and the second-most populous country in the world. It is located in South Asia and shares borders with several countries including Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. India is known for its rich cultural heritage, diverse languages, religions, and traditions. It is also one of the fastest-growing major economies globally and has a significant influence in regional and global affairs.
| 2. What is the UPSC exam? | |
Ans. The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) exam is a highly competitive examination conducted by the Government of India to recruit candidates for various civil services positions. It is considered one of the toughest exams in India and consists of three stages: the Preliminary Examination, the Main Examination, and the Interview. The exam assesses candidates' knowledge, aptitude, and analytical skills, and successful candidates are appointed to various prestigious positions in the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Police Service, and other central services.
| 3. How can I prepare for the UPSC exam? | |
Ans. Preparation for the UPSC exam requires a systematic and comprehensive approach. Here are some tips to help you prepare:
1. Understand the exam pattern and syllabus: Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and syllabus to know what to expect and what to focus on.
2. Create a study plan: Plan your studies in a structured manner, allocating time for each subject and covering the entire syllabus.
3. Read newspapers and stay updated: Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers, magazines, and online sources regularly.
4. Refer to standard study materials: Use recommended books and study materials to cover the subjects thoroughly.
5. Practice answer writing: Develop the skill of writing concise and well-structured answers as it is crucial for the Main Examination.
6. Take mock tests: Practice solving mock tests to improve time management and assess your preparation level.
7. Stay motivated and maintain a healthy routine: Stay motivated throughout the preparation period and maintain a healthy routine with proper sleep, exercise, and breaks.
| 4. What are the eligibility criteria for the UPSC exam? | |
Ans. The eligibility criteria for the UPSC exam are as follows:
1. Nationality: The candidate must be a citizen of India, or a subject of Nepal/Bhutan, or a Tibetan refugee who came to India before January 1, 1962, with the intention of permanently settling in India, or a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia, or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
2. Age limit: The candidate must be between 21 to 32 years of age as of August 1 of the exam year. There are certain relaxations for candidates belonging to reserved categories.
3. Educational qualification: The candidate must hold a bachelor's degree from a recognized university or possess an equivalent qualification.
4. Number of attempts: The number of attempts allowed varies for different categories. Generally, it is six attempts for General category candidates, nine attempts for OBC candidates, and no restriction for SC/ST candidates.
5. Physical and medical standards: Candidates must meet specific physical and medical standards as prescribed by the UPSC.
| 5. What are the career opportunities after clearing the UPSC exam? | |
Ans. Clearing the UPSC exam opens up various career opportunities in the civil services. Some of the prestigious positions candidates can be appointed to include:
1. Indian Administrative Service (IAS): IAS officers are responsible for the administrative functioning of the government at various levels, including district administration, policy formulation, and implementation.
2. Indian Foreign Service (IFS): IFS officers represent India in diplomatic missions abroad, handle bilateral and multilateral affairs, and contribute to India's foreign policy.
3. Indian Police Service (IPS): IPS officers work in maintaining law and order, crime prevention, and detection. They are responsible for the police administration in their respective jurisdictions.
4. Indian Revenue Service (IRS): IRS officers handle the collection and administration of taxes, including income tax, customs, and central excise.
5. Indian Forest Service (IFS): IFS officers are responsible for the management and conservation of forests, wildlife, and biodiversity.
Apart from these, there are several other central services like Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Railway Traffic Service, Indian Trade Service, etc., which offer diverse career opportunities in various sectors of the government.
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