Class 12 Geography Solved Paper (2012 Outside Delhi Set-II) - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Ques 1: Different between 'growth and development' with an example.
Ans: Growth is a narrower concept than development. Development is an increase in a country's real level of national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources (by education etc.), increase in the quantity of resources and improvements in technology or in another way an increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. On the other hand, growth can be measured by an increase in a country's GDP. Growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of development.

Ques 2: Explain any three characteristics of organizational structure and stratification of modern large scale manufacturing industry.
Ans: The characteristics of organizational structure and satisfaction of modern large scale manufacturing industry are:
(i) Extreme specialization is required,
(ii) Huge capital is required,
(iii) More population at low cost.

Ques 3: Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practiced in the world' What are its two types' Describe any two characteristics of each type.
Ans: Intensive sustainable agriculture is practiced mainly in densely population region of monsoon.
Types of intensive sustainable agriculture and their characteristics are:
(i) Intensive sustainable agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation Characteristics: (a) Dominance of rice crop
(b) Land holdings are very small.
(ii) Intensive sustainable agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy. Characteristics:
(a) Variety of crops,
(b) Yield per unit area is very high.

Ques 4: Explain any five Characteristics of rail Transport of Europe.
Ans: The Characteristics of rail transport in Europe are:
(i) Rail transport in Europe is characterized by its diversity, both technical and infrastructural.
(ii) Europe was the location of the world's first railways.
(iii) The European Union aims to make cross-border operations easier as well as to introduce competition to national rail network. Industrial revolution, has led to a high level of cooperation between European countries in developing and maintaining rail network.
(iv) Rail infrastructure, freight transport and passenger services are provided by a combination of local and national governments and private companies.
(v) The modern European rail network spans the entire continent and provides passenger and freight movement. There are significant high-speed rail passenger's networks.

Ques 5: Analyse any five problems of rural settlements of developing countries in the world.
Ans: Major problems of rural settlements are:
(i) Rural settlements in the developing countries have poor infrastructure facilities.
(ii) Supply of water to rural settlements in developing countries is not adequate. People in villages, particularly in mountainous and arid areas have to walk long distances to fetch drinking water.
(iii) Water borne disease such as cholera and jaundice are common problem because of lack of safe drinking water and unhygienic conditions.
(iv) Villagers are adversely affected by the conditions cultivation.
(v) The absence of roller and garbage disposal facilities cause health related problems.
(vi) The house made up of mud, wood and thatch get damaged during heavy rains and floods.
(vii) Most houses have no proper ventilation.
(viii) Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication network causes difficulties in providing emergency.
(ix) It is also difficult to provide adequate health and educational infrastructure for large rural population. The problem is particularly serious where houses are scattered over a large area.