Class 12 Geography Solved Paper (2014 Delhi Set-II) - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Ques 1: Mention the busiest ocean route of the world.
Ans: North-Atlantic Sea route or Big Trunk Road.

Ques 2: Name the port developed as a satellite port to relieve the pressure at Mumbai port.
Ans: Jawaharlal Lal Nehru Port.

Ques 3: What are the traditional large scale industrial regions? Give any two characteristics of them.
Ans: Traditional large scale industries are based on heavy industries. These are often located near coal fields and engaged in metal smelting, heavy engineering, chemical manufacturing and textile production.
Some characteristics of this are:
(i) High proportion of employment.
(ii) Unattractive environment.

Ques 4: Explain the main aims of 'Bharmaur Tribal Area Development Plan'?
Ans: The main aims of Bharmaur Tribal Area Development Plan are:
(i) This plan aims at improving the quality of life of Gaddis.
(ii) It also seeks at the development of transport, communication, agriculture and allied activities.
(iii) It also aims at the development of infrastructure like Schools, Hospitals and Primary Check-up centres and ensures proper water and electricity supply.

Ques 5: What is the role of 'World Trade Organization' as an International Organization? Why has the World Trade Organization been criticized by some countries? Explain.
Ans: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world?s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers to conduct their business.
Role of WTO are:
(i) Trade negotiation: The WTO regulates agreements over goods, services and intellectual property. They spell out the principles of liberalization, and the permitted exceptions. They include individual countries? commitments to lower customs tarius and other trade barriers, and to keep open services markets.
(ii) Implementation and monitoring: All WTO members must undergo periodic scrutiny of their trade policies and practices, each review containing reports by the country concerned and the WTO Secretariat.
(iii) Dispute settlement: The WTO's procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flows smoothly.
Various countries claim that the issues of labour and environment are stead fastly ignored. The absence of proper environmental regulation and resource management, increased trade might cause so much adverse damage that the gains from trade would be less than the environmental costs. The "Green room" discussion in the WTO as unrepresentative and non-inclusive; more active participants, representing more diverse interests and objectives, have complicated WTO decision-making.

Ques 6: Define the term 'migration'. Explain the social and environmental consequences of migration in India.
Ans: Migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intention of settling in the new location. The movement is typically over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible. Migration may be by individuals, family units or large groups.
In India internal migration often involves longer working hours, poor living and working conditions, social isolation and poor access to basic amenities. Most migrant labourers in India are employed in the unorganised sector, where the lack of regulation compounds their vulnerability; they are largely ignored by government and NGO programmes.
The social effects of migration vary wddely. Sending areas may experience both gains and losses in the short-term but may stand to gain over the longer-term. For receiving areas temporary worker programs help to address skill shortages but may decrease domestic wages and add to public welfare burden.
The social effects of migration for both sending and receiving areas may also vary depending on who is moving. Most migrants and refugees do not have the financial means to travel long distance. They seek a safe heaven in another region in their own or in a neighbouring country. The economically weakest countries are therefore most severely affected by migration and refugee problems.
Migration also has a demonstrable impact, both positive and negative, impact on the environment and territory in both the countries of origin and destination. Both phenomena are in reversible, proportional correlation and figure more apparently just before, during the shortly after upon the undesirable environmental changes, depending on their expansion and cross-border territorial involvement in human and material sources.