Class 12 Geography Solved Paper (2014 Outside Delhi Set-III) - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Ques 1: Give the meaning of 'sex-ratio'.
Ans: The ratio between the number of women and the men in the population is called as the sex ratio. In India sex ratio is calculated by using this formula: Female population/Male population×100

Ques 2: Define the term 'poverty'.
Ans: A state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life and wellbeing that?s considered acceptable in society. Poverty status in the United States is assigned to people that do not meet a certain threshold level set by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Ques 3: Describe any three characteristics of the second stage of 'Demographic Transition Theory'.
Ans: The 3 characteristics of the second stage of Demographic Transition Theory are:
(i) Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage, but it declines with time.
(ii) Improvement in sanitation leads to reduce in mortality rate.
(iii) Better health conditions bring about decline in mortality due to which the net addition to population is high.

Ques 4: Explain the main aspects of the 'National Youth Policy' of Government of India launched in 2003.
Ans: The National Youth Policy of Government of India was launched in 2003. Its main aspects were:
(i) It stresses on all-round improvement of the youth and adolescent enabling them to shoulder responsibilities towards constructive development of the country.
(ii) The thrust of this policy is youth empowerment in terms of their effective participation in decision-making and carrying the responsibility of an able leader.
(iii) Special emphasis was given in empowering women and girl child to bring parity in the male-female status.

Ques 5: Explain any three characteristics of 'State Highways' in India.
Ans: Three characteristics of State Highways in India are:
(i) These are constructed and maintained by state governments.
(ii) They join the state capitals with district headquarters and other important towns. These roads are connected to the National Highways.
(iii) These constitute 4 per cent of total road length in the country

Ques 6: Explain any two socio-cultural and any three environmental problems of urban settlements of the world.
Ans: Socio-cultural Problems: Cities in the developing countries suffer from several social ills.
(i) Inadequate social infrastructure and basic facilities is due to lack of financial resources and over-population in the cities.
(ii) The available educational and health facilities remain beyond the reach of the urban poor.
(iii) Cities suffer from poor health conditions.
(iv) Lack of employment and education tends to aggravate the crime rates.
(v) Male selective migration to the urban areas distorts the sex ratio in these cities. Environmental Problems:
(i) The large urban population in developing countries uses and disposes off a huge quantity of water and all types of waste materials.
(ii) Many cities of the developing countries do not provide the minimum required quantity of drinkable water and water for domestic and industrial uses.
(iii) An improper sewerage system creates unhealthy conditions.
(iv) Massive use of traditional fuel in the domestic as well as the industrial sector severely pollutes the air.
(v) The domestic and industrial wastes are either let into the general sewerages or dumped without treatment at unspecified locations.
(vi) Huge concrete structures of buildings create heat in the city environment.

Ques 7: Define the term 'Net Sown Area'. Explain any two characteristics each of 'dry land farming' and 'wetland farming'.
Ans: The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is known as net sown area. It represents the total area sown with crops. Area shown more than once in the same year is counted only once.
On the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during the cropping season the farming is divided into two categories i.e. dry land farming and wetland farming. Characteristics of dry land farming:
(i) It is largely confined to the regions having annual rainfall less than 75 cm.
(ii) These regions grow hardly drought resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar.
(iii) It uses various soil moisture conservation and rainwater harvesting techniques. Characteristics of wetland farming:
(i) It is largely confined to the regions where rainfall is in excess of the soil moisture requirement of plant during rainy season.
(ii) Such regions may face flood and soil erosion hazards.
(iii) These areas grow various water intensive crops such as rice, jute, and sugarcane and practice aquaculture in the fresh water bodies.