NCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVS Chapter 12 - Changing Times

Page No 96

Talk to any one of your grandparents or any other elderly person. Find out, when she or he was eight-nine years old –
Ques 1: Where did she or he live?
Ans: He lived in a village.
Ques 2: From what material was her or his house made?
Ans: His house was made of thatched bamboo, wood, straw and mud
Ques 3: Did they have a toilet in their house?
Ans: Yes, they had toilet in their house.
Ques 4: In which part of the house was food cooked?
Ans: Their food was cooked in the verandah which was separated by a wall.
Ques 5: A lot of mud was used when Chetandas’ house was made.Why?
Ans: Because a thick layer of mud protects the house from cold and heat.
Disclaimer for the first four questions: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to interact with the elders and know about their livelihood when they were children. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Page No 100

Ques 1: Chetandas tells that people from the basti used to come to clean the toilets and take away the waste. They were not allowed to enter the house.
1. The people who used the toilets did not clean them. Discuss.
2. Is there a toilet in your house? Who cleans it?
Ans:
1. The people who used the toilets do not clean them perhaps because they considered it to be an inferior task.
2. Yes, there is a toilet in our house. We clean it on our own.

Page No 101

Ques 1: What material have been used in making your house?
Ans: Bricks, cement, sand, concrete, wood and iron rod have been used in making my house.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and be interactive. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 2: Find out the material from which your friend’s house is made? Is there any difference? Write about it.
Ans: The houses of my friends are also made with cement, sand, bricks and iron rods. There is no difference.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 3: What kind of house do you think Chetandas grandchildren will live in?
Ans: Chetandas grandchildren will live in multi storeyed buildings with elevators. The buildings will be made of concrete, cement, steel, ceramic tiles, etc. The doors and windows will be made of aluminium, glass, etc. The houses will be more modern, strong with better design than Chetandas’ house.

Page No 102

Ques 1: Where would you like to live when you grow up? What kind of house would you like?
Ans: I would like to live in a metropolitan city.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to enhance the creativity and the thinking ability of the students. The answer may vary from student to student. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 2: You had written about the things that your grandparent’s house was made of. Has some of those material been used in your house? Name them.
Ans: No those materials has not been used in my house except the wooden doors and windows.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and to be interactive. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 3: People are given names according to the work they do. For example, a person who works with wood is called a carpenter.
(i) In your place, what do you call a person who works with wood?
(ii) Now, look at the picture and fill in the table.
What kind of work is being done by different people here? What tools are they shown using in the picture? Write the min the given table.

Do you know people who do these type of work? Talk to them and find out about their work. Discuss it with your friends.
Ans:
(i) A carpenter is a person who works with wood.
(ii)

Disclaimer :
The answer of the first part may differ from student to student depending upon what a carpenter is called in their area.

Page No 103 - 104

Ques 1: With your teacher or someone from home, go to a place where a building is being constructed. Talk to the people working there and find out answers to these questions.
(i) What is being built there?
(ii) How many people are working there?
(iii) What kind of work are they doing?
(iv) How many men and women are there?
(v) Are any children working there? What are they doing?
(vi) How much money do these people get paid daily? Ask from any three different people.
(vii) Where do these people live?
(viii) What are the material being used for making the building ?
(ix) Try and guess how many trucks of bricks and bags of cement will be used for making the building.
Ans:
(i) A big mall is being built there.
(ii) About 500 hundred people are working there.
(iii) Engineers were supervising the work, masons were pouring the cement on roofs and lintels, some people were carrying the materials from one place to another. Some are operating the cranes and other machines.
(iv) 400 men and 100 women are working there.
(v) No, children are not working there.
(vi)

Carpenter – Rs 2507/-

Mason – Rs 2507/-

Helper – Rs 2507/-

Crane operator – Rs 5007/-

Foreman – Rs 400/-
(vii) Some of them live in the tents near the construction place, while some come from their residences.
(viii) Wood, cement, sand, iron rods, bricks, stone chips, etc.
(ix) About 100,000 bags of cement and 5000 trucks of bricks would be used for making the mall building.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 2: How do the material reach the building site? (By truck, handcart, any other vehicle) List them.
Answer: All materials reach the building site by trucks, tempo, etc.
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 3: Find out the price of

• One bag of cement __________________________
• One brick               __________________________
• One truck of sand  _________________________

Ans: The price are given here

• One bag of cement : Rs 285/-

• One brick : Rs 9/-

• One truck of sand : Rs 5000/-

Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Page No 105

 Ask a few other questions and write their answers.

Ques: How much sand is mixed with cement?
Ans. Five bags of sand is mixed with one bag of cement .

Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.

Ques 2: Over the sixty years, different materials were used at different times in Chetandas’ house. List these in the correct order.

Answer: