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India After Independence Timeline (1947-2020)
Major Events in India After Independence (1947 – 2020)
- 1947 - India became an independent nation
- 1947 - Integration of princely states | Jawaharlal Nehru- first Prime Minister of Independent India
- 1948 - The assassination of Mahatma Gandhi | India Pakistan war on Kashmir territory
- 1949 - The new constitution is adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly.
- 1950 - India becomes a Republic | The Constitution of India comes into force
- 1951 - First amendment | First five-year plan
- 1952 - First general election | Panchayati Raj
- 1954 - Indo-Chinese Panchsheel Treaty
- 1955 - The Imperial Bank of India transformed into the State Bank of India.
- 1958 - Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act is passed
- 1961 - Indian troops annexed the Portuguese territories of Goa, Daman, and Diu
- 1962 - The Sino-Indian war breaks out. It ends in a decisive victory over China
- 1965 - India – Pakistan war breaks out. The war ends in a stalemate with both sides claiming victory | Hindi becomes the official language of India
- 1966 - Tashkent conference
- 1969 - Nationalization of Banks
- 1971 - India-Pakistan war and the liberation of Bangladesh | Shimla Agreement Signed on July 2nd
- 1973 - 1st international telephone exchange in India
- 1974 - First nuclear test at Pokhran
- 1975 - State of emergency | Launch of India’s first satellite, Aryabhatta
- 1980 - 20 point program
- 1984 - The assassination of Indira Gandhi | Bhopal gas tragedy
- 1988 - Securities Exchange Board of India was established
- 1991 - Economic reforms | Devaluation
- 1999 - Kargil war. Decisive Indian Armed Forces victory
- 2000 - Creation of new states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttranchal
- 2001 - Earthquake strikes Gujarat leading to massive casualties
- 2002 - Gujarat riots
- 2004 - Launches an application for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council
- 2004 - Tsunami causes massive devastation around the Southern and Eastern coasts of India
- 2006 - US and India sign a nuclear agreement
- 2007 - First women President-Pratibha Patil
- 2008 - Moon mission-Chandrayaan-1 launched on October 22
- 2013 - Mars Orbiter Mission
- 2015 - India and Bangladesh sign a historic deal | First space laboratory Astrosat
- 2016 - India- France to buy 36 Rafale fighter jets| India becomes a member of MCTR
- 2017 - Goods and Service Tax implemented
- 2018 - Heavy rainfall causes a massive flood in the state of Kerala. It is the worst flood to hit the state in a century
- 2019 - The scrapping of Article 370 and 35A, which granted special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- 2020 - The Government of India announced a total lockdown of the country on March 25th following a surge in Covid-19 cases in the preceding weeks. The World Health Organization (WHO) declaring Covid-19 as a global pandemic was also one of the factors behind the decision to impose a country-wide lockdown.
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FAQs on Chronology: Post Independence History - Post Independence History for UPSC Mains
| 1. What were the major events that shaped post-independence history in India? |  |
Ans. Post-independence history in India was marked by several significant events that shaped the nation. Some of the major events include the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, the Indo-Pak Wars of 1947, 1965, and 1971, the Green Revolution in the 1960s, the Emergency imposed in 1975, and the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s.
| 2. How did the adoption of the Constitution impact post-independence India? | |
Ans. The adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 laid the foundation for a democratic and secular nation. It provided a framework for governance, fundamental rights, and directive principles for the state. The Constitution ensured the protection of individual rights, equality before the law, and the establishment of a parliamentary system of government. It also enshrined principles of social justice, equality, and the promotion of welfare for all citizens.
| 3. What were the causes and consequences of the Indo-Pak Wars in post-independence India? | |
Ans. The Indo-Pak Wars in 1947, 1965, and 1971 were primarily caused by territorial disputes and political tensions between India and Pakistan. The wars resulted in significant loss of life and displacement of people on both sides. The 1971 war led to the creation of Bangladesh as a separate nation. These conflicts had long-lasting consequences on the geopolitical landscape of the region and strained relations between India and Pakistan.
| 4. How did the Green Revolution impact agricultural practices in post-independence India? | |
Ans. The Green Revolution, which took place in the 1960s, introduced modern agricultural practices and technologies in India. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity and reduce food scarcity. The revolution led to the adoption of high-yielding varieties of seeds, improved irrigation techniques, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. These advancements significantly boosted agricultural production, making India self-sufficient in food grains and transforming it into one of the world's leading agricultural economies.
| 5. What were the main features and outcomes of the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s? | |
Ans. The liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s introduced economic reforms that aimed to promote globalization, deregulation, and privatization. The main features included the relaxation of government control over industries, opening up of foreign investment, and the removal of trade barriers. The outcomes of these reforms were increased foreign direct investment, rapid economic growth, and the emergence of India as a global economic power. However, it also led to income inequalities and challenges related to the displacement of traditional industries.
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