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Old NCERT Gist (RS Sharma): Cultural Contacts with the Asian Countries | Additional Study Material for UPSC PDF Download

Cultural contacts

  • Indian culture spread to SE Asia mainly through brahmanical cults, Suvamabhumi = Pegu
    Suvamadvipa = Java
  • Brahmanical religion was prevalent in Java in 5th century.
  • Pallavas established colonies in Sumatra, which flourished into Sri Vijaya.
  • Remained an important power centre till 10th century.
  • Two powerful kingdoms were established in IndO-China (presently Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia): Kamboja and Champa.
  • Kamboja - 6th century, devotees of Shiv, developed it as a centre of Sanskrit learning.
  • Champa - traders set up colonies, ruler was Shaiva, official language was Sanskrit.
  • Great centre for education in Vedas and Dharmashastras.
  • Indian settlements in Indian Ocean continued till 13th century and resulted in new forms of art, language and literature due to comingling of people.
  • These new arts forms are a blend of Indian + indigenous culture.
  • Largest Buddhist temple = Borobudur in Java. Stories of Ramayan, Mahabharat inscribed on walls.
  • Angkor Vat in Cambodia = belongs to medieval times but larger than Borobudur.
  • Indonesian language contains numerous Sanskrit words.
  • In sculptures, head of Buddha from Thailand, head of Kamboja and bronze images from Java = best examples of blended cultures.
  • Similar blending observed in paintings in SL and Tun Huang caves on Chinese border.
  • Trade played a vital role in spreading religion here.
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