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Mindmap: Biotechnology - Principles and Process | Biology Class 12 - NEET

The document Mindmap: Biotechnology - Principles and Process | Biology Class 12 - NEET is a part of the NEET Course Biology Class 12.
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FAQs on Mindmap: Biotechnology - Principles and Process - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the principles of biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology is based on four main principles: genetic engineering, molecular markers, DNA fingerprinting, and recombinant DNA technology. These principles involve manipulating the genetic material of organisms to create desirable traits or produce useful products.
2. What is the process of biotechnology?
Ans. The process of biotechnology involves several steps. It starts with identifying a target gene or trait, followed by isolating and manipulating the genetic material. Then, the modified genetic material is inserted into a host organism, which can be a plant, animal, or microorganism. Finally, the modified organism is grown or cultured to produce the desired product or trait.
3. How is genetic engineering used in biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering is a key technique used in biotechnology. It involves modifying an organism's genetic material by introducing specific genes or altering existing ones. This can be done by using enzymes to cut and paste DNA segments or by using gene-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9. Genetic engineering allows scientists to create organisms with desired traits or produce valuable substances.
4. What is DNA fingerprinting in biotechnology?
Ans. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used in biotechnology to identify and analyze an individual's unique DNA pattern. It involves extracting DNA from a sample, amplifying specific regions of the DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then analyzing the resulting DNA fragments. DNA fingerprinting is widely used in forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic research.
5. How is recombinant DNA technology used in biotechnology?
Ans. Recombinant DNA technology is a process that involves combining genetic material from different sources to create a new DNA molecule. This technique is used in biotechnology to produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or to create specific proteins for medical or industrial purposes. Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to transfer genes between different organisms and modify their genetic characteristics.
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