Function Generators, Wave Shaping Circuits | Analog Circuits - Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) PDF Download

Function Generators

  • A Function Generator generates different voltage signals, such as Sine, Pulse, Triangle.
  • The most commonly required signals in electronic circuits are Sine and Pulse.
  • Sine wave signals find their use mostly in Analog circuits, such as amplifiers, filters, etc.
  • Pulse signals are useful in testing the time response of circuits and also as Clock signals in Digital circuits.
  • In a general pulse signal, the high and low level time periods are different. Square wave is a special case when the periods are equal.

Wave Shaping Circuits

Timing circuits networks composed of resistors, capacitors and inductors are called linear network and they do not change the waveform of a sine wave when it is transmitted through them. On the other hand when non-sinusoidal waveforms, (e.g. step, ramp, exponential) are applied to the input of such networks the output signal may have very little resembles with the input waveform. The action of a linear network in producing a waveform at its output different from its input is called linear wave shaping.

  • Shaping circuits may be either series RC or series RL circuits.
  • The series RC and RL circuits electrically perform the mathematical operation of integration and differentiation.
  • Therefore, the circuits used to perform these operations are called integrators and differentiator.
  • The differentiator circuits are used to generate sharp narrow pulses either from distorted pulse waveform or from rectangular wave forms.
  • The integrator circuits are required to generate a voltage, which are required to generate a voltage, which increases or decreases linearly with time.

The wave shaping is used to perform any one of the following functions:

  • To hold the waveform to a particular d.c. level.
  • To generate one wave form the other.
  • To limit the voltage level of the waveform of some presenting value and suppressing all other voltage levels in excess of the present level.
  • To cut-off the positive and negative portions of the input waveform.

Non-sinusoidal Waveforms

Any waveform whose shape is different from that of sinusoidal wave is called a non-sinusoidal waveform.

  1. Step Function: A step function shown makes an instantaneous jump from one steady value to another steady value. A step means an instantaneous change in level.
  2. Ramp Function: A ramp function is one that voltage increases or decreases linearly with time.
  3. Exponential Function: An exponential function is a function of voltage that increases or decreases exponentially with time.
The document Function Generators, Wave Shaping Circuits | Analog Circuits - Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) is a part of the Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) Course Analog Circuits.
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FAQs on Function Generators, Wave Shaping Circuits - Analog Circuits - Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)

1. What is a function generator and how does it work?
Ans. A function generator is an electronic device that is used to generate various types of electrical waveforms, such as sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waves. It is commonly used in electronics and communication engineering for testing and troubleshooting circuits. Function generators work by producing a periodic waveform using an oscillator circuit. This waveform can then be adjusted in terms of frequency, amplitude, and waveform shape using control knobs or digital settings on the function generator.
2. What are the main applications of function generators?
Ans. Function generators have various applications in electronics and communication engineering. Some of the main applications include: - Testing and troubleshooting electronic circuits: Function generators are used to provide test signals to analyze and verify the performance of electronic circuits. They can simulate different input signals to check the circuit's response. - Signal conditioning: Function generators can be used to generate specific waveforms needed for signal conditioning processes, such as filtering, amplification, and modulation. - Education and research: Function generators are commonly used in educational institutions and research laboratories to conduct experiments and study the behavior of electronic circuits and systems. - Communication systems: Function generators are used to generate test signals for communication systems, such as audio and video signals, to ensure proper transmission and reception.
3. What are wave shaping circuits?
Ans. Wave shaping circuits are electronic circuits that are used to modify or shape the waveform of an input signal according to specific requirements. These circuits can alter the frequency, amplitude, or shape of the waveform. They are widely used in electronics and communication engineering for various applications, such as noise reduction, waveform distortion correction, and frequency modulation.
4. What are the different types of wave shaping circuits?
Ans. There are several types of wave shaping circuits, including: - Amplifiers: Amplifiers are used to increase the amplitude of a signal without significantly changing its waveform shape. - Filters: Filters are used to selectively pass certain frequencies of a signal while attenuating others. They can be used to remove noise or unwanted frequency components from a signal. - Modulators: Modulators are used to change the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal according to the information signal being transmitted. - Oscillators: Oscillators are used to generate periodic waveforms at specific frequencies. They can be used to generate sine waves, square waves, triangle waves, and other waveforms. - Limiters: Limiters are used to limit the amplitude of a signal, preventing it from exceeding a certain level.
5. How can wave shaping circuits be used in communication systems?
Ans. Wave shaping circuits play a crucial role in communication systems. They can be used for the following purposes: - Modulation: Wave shaping circuits, such as modulators, are used to modulate the carrier signal with the information signal in various modulation techniques like amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). - Filtering: Wave shaping circuits, such as filters, are used to remove unwanted noise or frequency components from a signal before transmission or reception. - Signal conditioning: Wave shaping circuits can be used to condition the signal before it is transmitted or received, ensuring that it meets the required specifications and standards. - Demodulation: Wave shaping circuits, such as demodulators, are used to extract the information signal from the modulated carrier signal during the demodulation process. By using wave shaping circuits, communication systems can achieve efficient and reliable transmission and reception of signals.
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