Performance of Computer | Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

Introduction

Computer performance is the amount of work accomplished by a computer system. The word performance in computer performance means “How well is the computer doing the work it is supposed to do?”. It basically depends on response time, throughput and execution time of a computer system.
Response time is the time from start to completion of a task. This also includes:

  • Operating system overhead.
  • Waiting for I/O and other processes
  • Accessing disk and memory
  • Time spent executing on the CPU or execution time.

Throughput is the total amount of work done in a given time.
CPU execution time is the total time a CPU spends computing on a given task. It also excludes time for I/O or running other programs. This is also referred to as simply CPU time.
Performance is determined by execution time as performance is inversely proportional to execution time.
Performance = (1 / Execution time)
And,
(Performance of A /  Performance of B)
= (Execution Time of B / Execution Time of A)

If given that Processor A is faster than processor B, that means execution time of A is less than that of execution time of B. Therefore, performance of A is greater than that of performance of B.
Example:

Machine A runs a program in 100 seconds, Machine B runs the same program in 125 seconds
(Performance of A /  Performance of B)
= (Execution Time of B / Execution Time of A)
= 125 / 100 = 1.25
That means machine A is 1.25 times faster than Machine B.
And, the time to execute a given program can be computed as:
Execution time  = CPU clock cycles x clock cycle time
Since clock cycle time and clock rate are reciprocals, so,
Execution time  = CPU clock cycles / clock rate
The number of CPU clock cycles can be determined by,
CPU clock cycles
= (No. of instructions / Program ) x (Clock cycles / Instruction)
= Instruction Count x CPI
Which gives,
Execution time
= Instruction Count x CPI x clock cycle time
= Instruction Count x CPI / clock rate  
The units for CPU Execution time are:
Performance of Computer | Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

How to Improve Performance?

To improve performance you can either:

  • Decrease the CPI (clock cycles per instruction) by using new Hardware.
  • Decrease the clock time or Increase clock rate by reducing propagation delays or by use pipelining.
  • Decrease the number of required cycles or improve ISA or Compiler.
The document Performance of Computer | Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) is a part of the Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Course Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO).
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FAQs on Performance of Computer - Computer Architecture & Organisation (CAO) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

1. What is computer performance in Computer Science Engineering (CSE)?
Computer performance in Computer Science Engineering (CSE) refers to the ability of a computer system to execute tasks efficiently and effectively. It is a measure of how well a computer performs its intended functions, such as processing speed, response time, and throughput.
2. How is computer performance measured in CSE?
Computer performance in CSE is measured using various metrics, including: - CPU clock speed: It measures how many instructions a CPU can execute per second. Higher clock speeds generally result in better performance. - Response time: It measures the time taken by a computer system to respond to a user's input or request. Lower response time indicates better performance. - Throughput: It measures the rate at which a computer system can process and deliver data. Higher throughput signifies better performance. - Benchmark tests: These tests evaluate the performance of a computer system by running standardized programs and measuring their execution time.
3. What factors affect computer performance in CSE?
Several factors can affect computer performance in CSE, including: - CPU speed and architecture: The speed and architecture of the CPU significantly impact the overall performance of a computer system. - Memory (RAM): Insufficient RAM can lead to slower performance as the computer needs to rely on virtual memory, which is slower. - Storage type: The type of storage, such as HDD or SSD, can affect the performance of tasks involving data retrieval and storage. - Software optimization: Well-optimized software can utilize computer resources efficiently, leading to better performance. - System load: Heavy multitasking or running resource-intensive applications can lower the performance of a computer system.
4. How can computer performance be improved in CSE?
To improve computer performance in CSE, you can consider the following steps: - Upgrade hardware: Upgrading components like CPU, RAM, or storage can significantly improve performance. - Optimize software: Regularly update and optimize software to ensure efficient resource utilization. - Manage startup programs: Disable unnecessary programs from starting up with the computer to reduce resource usage. - Clean up disk space: Removing unnecessary files and performing disk cleanup can free up space and improve performance. - Run regular maintenance: Performing tasks like disk defragmentation and system cleanup can enhance overall performance.
5. What are the common performance issues in CSE?
Common performance issues in CSE include: - Slow startup: If a computer takes a long time to boot up, it could indicate performance issues. - Lagging or freezing: When a computer system becomes unresponsive or experiences frequent lags, it suggests performance problems. - Slow program execution: If applications take a significant amount of time to launch or run, it may indicate performance issues. - Overheating: Excessive heat can cause the CPU and other components to throttle, leading to reduced performance. - Memory leaks: Memory leaks occur when programs do not release memory properly, causing a gradual decline in performance.
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