Multiplication Class 2 Notes Maths

What is Multiplication?

•  It is the process of finding the number of quantities obtained by repeated addition of a number or quantity with a specified number of times. 
• Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number again and again.
• For example, if you have 3 baskets and each basket has 4 apples, instead of adding 4 + 4 + 4, you can multiply:
  3 × 4 = 12
• So, there are 12 apples in total!
• It’s like making groups of things and finding out how many you have in all. Multiplication makes counting faster and easier!

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Adding the same number again and again is called repeated addition.
Example: Aryan has 5 tricycles. Each tricycle has 3 wheels. What is the total number of wheels in all the tricycles?

There are 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 wheels in all.
3 is repeatedly added 5 times.
We write it as 3 × 5 = 15.
We say, 5 times 3 is 15 or 5 threes are 15 or 3 into 5 is 15.

Repeated addition of the same number is called multiplication.
4 × 2 = 8 is a multiplication fact.
‘×’ is the sign of multiplication.
So, instead of adding the same number again and again, we can multiply to find out the answer.

Study the following.
Here are 4 baskets with 2 mangoes in each.

How many mangoes are there in all?
By adding repeatedly, we find that there are 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 mangoes in all.
Using multiplication,
we write 4 × 2 = 8 and read as 4 times 2 are 8 or 4 multiplied by 2 is 8.

Multiplication on the Number Line

We already know that multiplication is repeated addition. We can represent multiplication on the number line by skip counting.

Let us find 3 × 5.

3 × 5 means take 3 skips of 5s starting from 0, as shown above.

We have reached 15 after 3 skips of 5s. So, 3 × 5 = 15.

Properties of Multiplication

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Order Property of Multiplication

There are 2 rows of 5 pineapples each.
The multiplication fact becomes 2 × 5 = 10.
We can also think that there are 5 columns of 2 pineapples each.
Now, the multiplication fact becomes 5 × 2 = 10.
Since the product is the same in both cases,
we have 2 × 5 = 5 × 2 = 10.
We may multiply the numbers in any order, the product would be the same.
This basic property of multiplication is called the order property of multiplication.

Multiplicative Property of 1

5 groups of 1 = 5 × 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5
1 group of 5 = 1 × 5 = 5
So, 5 × 1 = 1 × 5 = 5.
We can show the above results using a number line.

Any number multiplied by 1 equals that number. This is called the multiplicative property of 1.

Multiplicative Property of 0

There are 3 empty baskets, which means 3 groups of nothing.
So, 3 × 0 = 0.
Also, by order property 3 × 0 = 0 × 3 = 0.
Thus, we have
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0. This is called the multiplicative property of 0.

Multiplication Tables

You have already learnt and memorised tables of 1 to 5 in Class 1. Let us revise the same.

Multiplication Table of 2
Count and build the table of 2.

Multiplication Table of 3

Count and build the table of 3.

Multiplication Table of 4

Count and build the table of 4.

Multiplication Table of 5

Count and build the table of 5.

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Multiplication Table of 6

Count and build the table of 6.

Multiplication Table of 7

Count and build the table of 7.

Multiplication Table of 8

Count and build the table of 8.

Multiplication Table of 9

Count and build the table of 9.

Take a Practice Test Test yourself on topics from Class 2 exam

Practice Now

Practice Now

Multiplication Table of 10

Count and build the table of 10.

Problems Based on Real-Life Situations

Example 1: There are 6 bananas in a bunch. There are 9 bunches. How many bananas are there in all?

Sol: 
Bananas in 1 bunch = 6
Bananas in 9 bunches = 9 × 6 = 54

Example 2: Reena has 5 pairs of gloves, 3 pairs of socks and 8 pairs of bangles. How many items are there in total?

Sol: 

Number of gloves = 5 pairs = 5 × 2 = 10
Number of socks = 3 pairs = 3 × 2 = 6
Number of bangles = 8 pairs = 8 × 2 = 16
Total number of items = 10 + 6 + 16 = 32

Multiplication in Column Form

• Multiplication in Column Form is a way to multiply small and big numbers step by step by writing them neatly in columns.
• Let's understand with the help of an example.

Example 1: Multiply 6 x 3.
Sol: Let's learn multiplication step-by-step.

Step 1: Write the numbers in columns.

Step 2: Multiply 6 × 3 = 18.

Step 3: Write 8 in the one's place and carry over 1 (for 10) to the tens place. 

Example 2: Multiply 23 x 3. 
Sol:

Step 1: Write the numbers in columns.

Step 2: Multiply the number in the ones place (3 × 3 = 9)

Step 3: Multiply the number in the tens place (2 × 3 = 6)

Column multiplication helps you multiply neatly and step by step!