Variations in Psychological Attributes: Assertion & Reason Type Questions | Psychology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Question 1:

Assertion (A): Aptitude refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills.
Reason (R): Aptitude tests are used to predict what an individual will be able to do if given the proper environment and training.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Aptitude tests help to check aptitude of an individual. These are not cause and effect.

Question 2:
Assertion (A): The PASS processes operate on a knowledge base.
Reason (R): The knowledge base is developed by reading and writing alone.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)

PASS processes operate on a knowledge base developed either formally (by reading, writing, and experimenting) or informally from the environment.

Question 3:

Assertion (A): Some verbal tests require responses in written form.
Reason (R): Verbal tests can only be administered to literate people.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about verbal tests. They do not have cause and effect relationship.

Question 4:
Assertion (A): A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of an individual’s mental or behavioral characteristics.
Reason (R): Psychological tests measure psychological attributes such as weight, height, arm length, etc.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Psychological tests measure psychological attributes such as intelligence, aptitude, personality, etc.

Question 5:

Assertion (A): Spatial intelligence is used while navigating in space, forming, transforming, and using mental images.
Reason (R):  Spatial intelligence is involved in perceiving the formation of images in three dimensions.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Spatial intelligence, or visuo-spatial ability, has been defined “the ability to generate, retain, retrieve, and transform well-structured visual images” (Lohman 1996). It's what we do when we visualize shapes in our “mind's eye.” It's the mental feat that architects and engineers perform when they design buildings.

Question 6:
Assertion (A): People with similar intelligence take a similar time to acquire knowledge or skills.
Reason (R): With proper training, these abilities can be considerably enhanced.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)

People with similar intelligence may take different time to acquire knowledge or skills. Intelligence level and learning level are two different concepts.

Question 7:
Assertion (A): Deficits in adaptive behavior or the capacity to be independent and deal effectively with one’s environment.
Reason (R): Deficits must be observed during the developmental period, i.e., between 0-18 years.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about Deficits. They do not have cause and effect relationship.

Question 8:
Assertion (A): Intelligence is a single entity. 
Reason (R): Various types of intelligence exist independently of each other.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)

According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is not a single entity, rather distinct types of intelligence co-exist.

Question 9:
Assertion (A): The physical and psychological characteristics of individuals are not the same.
Reason (R): Individuals differ in their ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to the environment, learn from experience, engage in various forms of reasoning, and overcome obstacles.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Individual differences are found in all psychological characteristics physical mental abilities, knowledge, habit, personality and character traits.

Question 10: Multiple Choice Question:

Bindu is a remarkable singer, and she has won many accolades. She is known as a child prodigy. Which of the following terms best describe Bindu’s abilities? 
(a) Talent
(b) Giftedness
(c) Naturalistic Intelligence
(d) Interest

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Talent refers to remarkable ability in a specific field, e.g., social, and are often called prodigies.

Additional Information:
You can go through Variations in Psychological Attributes for detailed notes. 

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