UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > History for UPSC CSE > GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Indian Philosophy and Culture
GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Indian Philosophy and Culture | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download
Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. (UPSC GS 1 2020)
Since time immemorial, Indian art has been inspired by Indian philosophy and its traditions Influence of Indian philosophy and traditions on Indian art
- Influence of different religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity is profoundly evident in Indian art
- Buddhism is one of the ancient religions to bestow its influence on Indian art as seen in the stupas and chaityas.
- The temple architecture of the Chola and Chera dynasty and the Rajasthani School of Painting of the Rajput period reflect the influence of Hinduism. Stories from Mahabharata, Ramayana, Geet Govind, Puranas have influenced not just the visual arts like architecture and paintings and tribal paintings like madhubani, Tanjore, Pattachitraetc but also performing arts.
- Classical dances of India like Kathakali, Manipuri dance etc are inspired from stories of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
- India has always been the abode of multiple religions and cultures and thus it has as well experienced the impact of Islam during the Mughals. Christianity also has a significant role in the moulding of Indian art.
- Mughal influence was another significant milestone in the evolution of Indian art forms. They were an imperial power and induced considerable Indo-Islamic-Persian influence on the various styles of Indian art. Example jail work of Sidisayyed mosque.
- The Taj Mahal and the city of Fatehpur Sikriare the magnificent examples of the Mughal architecture. Finally it is the British invasion that affected Indian art form. It was marked by construction of Victoria memorial, Madras high court etc in Indo sarcenic style.
Conclusion
Thus it can be seen that India is melting pot of various cultures and thus the philosophy of these different cultures is reflected in the artistic and cultural history of India. This has enriched India cultural landscape and given it a unique place in the world.
Topics covered - Ancient Indian Literature and Ancient Indian Temple Architecture
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FAQs on GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Indian Philosophy and Culture - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What is Indian philosophy and culture? |  |
Ans. Indian philosophy and culture refers to the various philosophical and cultural traditions that have developed in the Indian subcontinent over thousands of years. It encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, rituals, and ideologies that have shaped the way of life of people in India. Indian philosophy encompasses various schools of thought such as Vedanta, Yoga, Samkhya, Buddhism, Jainism, and others, while Indian culture includes aspects such as art, music, dance, literature, cuisine, clothing, and social customs.
| 2. What are the main schools of Indian philosophy? | |
Ans. Indian philosophy is classified into several major schools of thought. Some of the main schools include:
1. Vedanta: This school is based on the teachings of the Upanishads and emphasizes the ultimate reality of the self (Atman) and the universe (Brahman).
2. Yoga: Yoga philosophy focuses on the practice of physical postures, breath control, and meditation to achieve self-realization and liberation.
3. Samkhya: Samkhya philosophy explores the dualistic nature of the universe and emphasizes the distinction between the eternal and the temporary.
4. Buddhism: Buddhism originated in India and encompasses various philosophical traditions that emphasize the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to liberation from suffering.
5. Jainism: Jain philosophy emphasizes non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and asceticism as means to liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
| 3. How has Indian philosophy influenced Indian culture? | |
Ans. Indian philosophy has had a profound influence on Indian culture in various ways. It has shaped the religious and spiritual practices followed by millions of people in India. The philosophical concepts of karma, dharma, moksha, and rebirth have influenced ethical and moral values, social customs, and the way of life of individuals. Indian philosophy has also influenced the arts, literature, and architecture, with themes and symbols drawn from philosophical concepts being prevalent in Indian classical music, dance, sculpture, and temple architecture.
| 4. What are some key elements of Indian culture? | |
Ans. Indian culture is characterized by its diversity and rich heritage. Some key elements of Indian culture include:
1. Religion and spirituality: India is the birthplace of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Religion and spirituality play a significant role in the lives of Indians, with numerous temples, mosques, gurudwaras, and other places of worship spread across the country.
2. Festivals: India is known for its colorful and vibrant festivals that celebrate religious, cultural, and seasonal events. Festivals like Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, and Navratri are celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervor.
3. Cuisine: Indian cuisine is known for its diverse flavors, spices, and regional variations. Each region in India has its unique culinary traditions and specialties.
4. Traditional attire: Traditional Indian clothing varies across different states and regions. Saree, salwar kameez, dhoti, and kurta-pajama are some of the traditional garments worn by men and women in India.
5. Art and architecture: Indian art and architecture have a rich history and are characterized by intricate designs, vibrant colors, and symbolic representations. Examples include the Taj Mahal, Ajanta and Ellora caves, and various temple architectures.
| 5. How can one learn more about Indian philosophy and culture? | |
Ans. There are several ways to learn more about Indian philosophy and culture:
1. Read books and literature: There are numerous books, both academic and popular, that delve into various aspects of Indian philosophy and culture. Reading works by renowned scholars and authors can provide a comprehensive understanding.
2. Attend cultural events and festivals: Participating in cultural events and festivals held in India or in Indian communities abroad can provide firsthand experience of Indian culture, including music, dance, cuisine, and traditional rituals.
3. Visit museums and heritage sites: Museums and heritage sites across India showcase artifacts, sculptures, paintings, and historical relics that offer insights into the rich cultural heritage of the country.
4. Engage with Indian communities: Interacting with Indian individuals or communities, either in person or through online platforms, can provide opportunities to learn about their traditions, beliefs, and practices.
5. Enroll in academic courses: Many universities and educational institutions offer courses in Indian philosophy, culture, and history. These courses provide structured learning and allow for in-depth exploration of the subject matter.
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