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GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): 19TH century Indian Renaissance | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century's Indian renaissance and the emergence of national Identify. ( GS 1 UPSC MAINS )

Introduction
The social and religious reforms movement’s popularly termed as Indian renaissance which preceded the political struggles are considered a necessary precursor to origin of Indian nationality.
How renaissance facilitated the emergence of national identity:

  • Rediscovery of India’s glorious past: The nineteenth century Indian Renaissance also created several avenues in the field of oriental studies. Western scholars like Max Muller, Sir William Jones, Alexander Cunningham, etc. translated several ancient Sanskrit texts of this land and established before the people the glorious cultural heritage of India. Inspired by them, the Indian scholars like R.D - Banerjee, R.G. Bhandarkar, MahanMukhopadhyaya, Hara Prasad Astir, Bal Gangadhar Tilak etc. rediscovered India’s past glory from the history of this land. This encouraged the people of India who felt that they were the ancestors of grand monarchs of this country and ruled by foreigners. This flared up the fire of nationalism. 
  • Revivalist Movements: Under these movements Indian culture and civilisation were proclaimed superior. Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekanand etc were the leaders of these movements. 
  • Reformists movements of that time such as Brahmo Samaj (led by Raja Ram Mohan Roy) etc condemned existing untouchability and tried to abolish the caste system. Their ideas of equality and brotherhood attracted the lower castes towards nationalism. 
  • These reforms also focussed upon emancipation of women. They opposed the practice of sati, supported remarriage of widows and also promoted spread of education among women. All these helped women to join national movements.

Conclusion
Apart from the progressive character of social religious reforms, role of press, English Education, result and reaction of colonial policies etc have also played a significant role in developing national identity in India.

Topics Covered - Indian Renaissance

The document GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): 19TH century Indian Renaissance | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): 19TH century Indian Renaissance - History for UPSC CSE

1. What was the 19th century Indian Renaissance?
Ans. The 19th century Indian Renaissance refers to a period of cultural, intellectual, and social reform movements that took place in India during the 19th century. It was a time when Indian intellectuals and leaders sought to revive and rejuvenate Indian society, challenging traditional practices and advocating for social and political reforms.
2. Who were the key figures of the 19th century Indian Renaissance?
Ans. The 19th century Indian Renaissance saw the emergence of several key figures who played significant roles in the reform movements. Some notable personalities include Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, and Rabindranath Tagore. These individuals contributed to various fields such as education, women's rights, religious reforms, and literature.
3. What were the major objectives of the 19th century Indian Renaissance?
Ans. The major objectives of the 19th century Indian Renaissance were to challenge social evils prevalent in Indian society, promote education and scientific thinking, advocate for women's rights and empowerment, encourage religious and cultural reforms, and work towards independence from British colonial rule. The Renaissance aimed to bring about a progressive and inclusive society based on rationality, equality, and self-empowerment.
4. How did the 19th century Indian Renaissance impact Indian society?
Ans. The 19th century Indian Renaissance had a profound impact on Indian society. It led to the abolition of practices such as sati (widow burning) and child marriage, and the promotion of education for both men and women. The Renaissance also played a significant role in fostering a sense of national identity and unity among Indians, laying the foundation for the country's independence movement.
5. What is the relevance of the 19th century Indian Renaissance in modern India?
Ans. The 19th century Indian Renaissance continues to be relevant in modern India as it underlines the importance of social reform, education, and the empowerment of marginalized sections of society. The principles and values espoused during the Renaissance, such as equality, secularism, and individual freedom, still resonate in contemporary debates and efforts towards a progressive and inclusive society.
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