GS3 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Food Security | Indian Economy for UPSC CSE PDF Download

What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective? (UPSC MAINS GS3 )

The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 provides for the Right to Food as a legal entitlement by providing subsidized food grains to nearly two-thirds of the population. However, the current food grain distribution system is fraught with various defects.
Issues with the Food Grain Distribution System

• Inaccurate identification of households: Presence of inclusion and exclusion errors in identification of beneficiaries.
• Leakages in the delivery system: This takes place during the transportation of food grains to ration shops and from there to the open market.
• Financially inefficient: The centre bears a large financial burden of the food subsidy as the cost of procuring and delivering food grains is about six times its sale price.
• Shortfall in the storage capacity: It leads to the rotting of food grains.

Reformative steps taken by the Government

Procurement

• Promotion of nationwide procurement: Food Corporation of India (FCI) has tried to revamp and restructure the procurement system to cover the entire country. In this regard, FCI has also made special efforts for procurement in the eastern states of India.

Stocking and Storage

• Use of modern technology in storage: To prevent rotting of food grains. Irradiation Technology has also been introduced.
• Online Monitoring System: To bring all operations of FCI Godowns online to check leakages.

Distribution

• Digitization of ration cards and use of AADHAR: It has helped to eliminate duplicate and ghost (fake) beneficiaries, and make identification of beneficiaries more accurate.
• Technology-based reforms implemented by states: End to end computerisation has curbed large-scale diversion of food grains by tracking its delivery from state depots to beneficiaries.
• GPS tracking of delivery: The tracking of the movement of trucks carrying food grains has helped in monitoring the supply chain. It has been implemented by Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu.
• SMS based monitoring by citizens: Allows monitoring by citizens as they can register their mobile numbers and send/receive SMS alerts during dispatch and arrival.
• Use of web-based citizen’s portal: For public grievance redressal as they can register complaints or provide suggestions.
• Implementing Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in Public Distribution System (PDS): Currently, pilot projects have been started in Delhi and Puducherry.

Way forward

• Decentralized Procurement: Decentralized procurement operations by leading states that have gained sufficient experience in this regard. This would help Food Corporation of India (FCI) to focus on lagging states.
• Engagement of the private Sector: This can help to modernize stocking and warehousing facilities.
• Home delivery of food grains: This can help in increasing last-mile connectivity.
• Full implementation of Shanta Kumar committee recommendations.

Food security is crucial for reaping the benefits of demographic dividend and this can be achieved through a robust food distribution system. Competitive federalism should be promoted among states so as to learn from the best practices of other states in managing the food economy.

Topics covered - various scheme launched by government for distribution of food grains.