From a Kingdom to an Empire Summary Class 6 Social Science Chapter 7

A Grand Empire Ruled by Ashoka

• Ashoka, a prominent historical figure, governed an empire established by his grandfather, Chandragupta Maurya, over 2300 years ago. 
• Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, a wise adviser, contributed his ideas, documented in the Arthashastra, to the governance of this empire. 
• The empire comprised several cities, including the capital Pataliputra, Ujjain, and Taxila, the latter serving as a gateway to the northwest, encompassing Central Asia. 
• Cities housed a diverse population of merchants, officials, and craftspeople, while other regions featured villages with farmers and herders. Central India contained forests where people gathered resources and hunted for sustenance. 
• The empire's inhabitants spoke different languages, had varied dietary preferences, and wore distinctive clothing.

Chanakya

How are empires different from kingdoms?

• Emperors need more resources than kings because empires are larger than kingdoms, and need to be protected by big armies.
• So also they need a larger number of officials who collect taxes.

Ruling the empire

• The officials were appointed to collect taxes from farmers, herders, crafts persons and traders, who lived in villages and towns in the area.
• Officials also punished those who disobeyed the ruler’s orders.
• Many of these officials were given salaries.
• Royal princes were often sent as governors of provinces which was ruled from a provincial capital such as Taxila or Ujjain.
• The Mauryas tried to control roads and rivers, which were important for transport, and to collect whatever resources were available as tax and tribute.
• People of forested regions were more or less independent, but may have been expected to provide elephants, timber, honey and wax to Mauryan officials.

Ashoka, a unique ruler

• The most famous Mauryan ruler was Ashoka.
• He was the first ruler who tried to take his message to the people through inscriptions which were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script.

Ashoka’s war in Kalinga

• Ashoka was so horrified when he saw the violence and bloodshed in Kalinga's war that he decided not to fight any more wars.
• He is the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning a war.

What was Ashoka’s dhamma?

• Ashoka’s dhamma did not involve worship of a god, or performance of a sacrifice.
• He felt that just as a father tries to teach his children, he had a duty to instruct his subjects.
• He was also inspired by the teachings of the Buddha.
• He appointed officials, known as the dhamma mahamatta who went from place to place teaching people about dhamma.
• Ashoka also sent messengers to spread ideas about dhamma to other lands, such as Syria, Egypt, Greece and Sri Lanka.