Passage Based Questions: English - 2 | Passage Based Questions for CLAT Preparation PDF Download

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.
Whether or not you realize it, anxiety impacts the quality of your sleep—and that includes your dreams. In fact, if you’ve noticed that you’ve been having particularly strange dreams. But why is this, and is there anything we can do about it?
Before we get into our weird stress-related dreams, it is vital to the reason of dreaming. "People have been trying to understand dreams for centuries,” says Ravi Shah, MD, a psychiatrist at Columbia University and the chief medical officer at Mantra Health. “Freud said that dreams represent ‘the day’s remnant.’ That is, we typically dream about things that are at least partially related to something that has happened in the last 24 to 48 hours, or something that we are anticipating.”
Though typically, most people know that others don’t really want to hear about their dreams, since the start of the global pandemic, it appears to be a more frequent topic of conversation—probably because it’s something so many people are experiencing.
You’ve probably heard the term “sleep hygiene,” and according to Wayne Pernell, PhD, a psychologist and sleep expert, now is the time to put it into practice if you haven’t already. Nothing involved with having good sleep hygiene is new or surprising—it’s all the usual stuff we know we should be doing, like not exercising a few hours before going to bed, avoiding alcohol, and limiting screen time before hitting the sack. But what is especially helpful about the practice, Pernell says, is recognizing the control that you actually have over your sleep, even if it’s limited.
Also, as Dr. Madan notes, acceptance is the first step in dealing with these types of dreams. “We must acknowledge that these are a result of the stressful times we are in,” he says. “Take good care of yourself and try to lower your stress level. Try to talk through about your thoughts with a loved one or a therapist. The more we process these thoughts consciously, the less they might bother us at night.”
IRT is a cognitive-behavioral treatment designed to reduce the number and intensity of nightmares, and is frequently used for people with recurring nightmares resulting from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If you want to try something similar on your own, O’Neill uses a technique with her clients that involves rewriting the narrative of a dream or nightmare the morning after you have it, so that you feel a bit more control over the experience of having that dream.