Internet Related Terms | Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for UGC NET PDF Download

URL

• A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a resource on the internet and the protocol used to access it.
• URLs occur most commonly to reference web page, but also used for file transfer, email, database access and many other applications.
• An example of a URL is https://edurev.in, which is the URL for the EduRev Exam Prep website.

World Wide Web (www)

• It is a subset of the internet and is a collection of documents and application residing on the internet services around the world.
• World Wide Web, WWW, W3, or Web is a graphical interface for the Internet that was the brainchild of Tim Berners-Lee.
• He invented the HTML coding language in 1989 that is the basis of the web. WWW became public service in 1993.
• The WWW is different from the Internet although most people today think the WWW is the Internet.
• The world wide web consists of billions of pages linked to each other that contain text, graphics, multimedia files, and other interactive software that are accessed using a browser.

Web Browser

• A web browser is a software that permits a user to locate, display, and download text, video, audio, and graphics stored in a host computer on the web.
• Examples- Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, opera, safari and chrome etc.

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Web Server

• A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients. Dedicated computers and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup language)

• It is a computer’s language used to create hypertext documents for the WWW. Web pages are created using HTML.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

• TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet, it defines the rule which computers must follow to communicate with each other over the Internet.

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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

• File Transfer Protocol, FTP is the most common way of sending and receiving files between two computers.
• A good example of how FTP is used today is by web developers, who will connect to their web server using FTP and send updated versions of their web pages to the server.

HTTP

• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTTP is a set of standards that allow users of the World Wide Web to exchange information found on web pages.
• When accessing any web page entering http:// in front of the address tells the browser to communicate over HTTP.
• Today's browsers no longer require HTTP in front of the URL since it is the default method of communication.

Hyperlink

• An element in an hypertext document that is highlighted by means of underlining or the use of a different colour.
• When the Highlighted element is clicked, the user is connected with another element in the same document or another document.

Domain Name

• It is a unique name that identifies an Internet site or web site. 
• Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name.
• The suffix indicates what type of an organisation is hosting the site.
• There are six main categories which are as follows:
  • .com- Commercial organisation
  • .edu- Educational institutions
  • .gov- Government sites
  • .mil- Military sites
  • .net- Gateways and administrative hosts
  • .org- Private organisations

Domain Name Server

• A special type of Internet computer which converts a website’s domain name into a unique numerical IP address that identifies where the website is stored.

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IP Address

• Internet Protocol address, it is the unique numerical address of a computer on the Internet used to indicate the location of a computer or other device on a network using TCP/IP.
• It is expressed as four sets of number (maximum 3 digits each) separated by dots, for example- 150.237.176.24.

Homepage

• The main page of website is its home page.
• A home page is similar to the title page and table of contents in a book.
• It identifies the site and contains links to other pages.

Gateway

• A gateway is a networked device which serves as an entry point into another network. For example, a wireless router is commonly the default gateway in a home network.