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Issue of Official Language of India | Post Independence History for UPSC Mains PDF Download
Introduction
Being a foreign language Gandhi opposed the idea of English to be overall medium of communications in free India, hence, Hindi was choosen to be the official language of India.
- Opposition to Hindi as national language tended to create conflict between Hindi and non-Hindi speaking regions of the country.
- This issue was Resolved when the constitution-makers accepted all the major languages as “languages of India”.
Switchover from English To Hindi
- The issue of the time-frame for a shift from English to Hindi also produced a divide between Hindi and non-Hindi areas.
- Proponents of Hindi wanted immediate switch over, while non-Hindi areas advocated retention of English for a long if not indefinite period.
- Hence constitution provided that English was to continue for use in all official purposes till 1965, when it would be replaced by Hindi in phased manner.
- However, Parliament would have the power to provide for the use of English for specified purposes even after 1965.
- The constitution laid upon the government the duty to promote the spread and development of Hindi & provides for the appointment of Commission & a Joint Parliamentary Committee to review the progress in the respect.
1963 official languages Act
- Removed the restriction which had been placed by the constitution on the use of English after 1965
- Because of ambiguity in Official Languages Act due to the world “may” instead of “shall”, it felt much criticism
1967 amendment to official languages Act
- Provided the use of English as an associate language in addition to Hindi for the official work at centre & for communication between the centre and non Hindi states would continue as long as non-Hindi states wanted it.
- Indefinite policy of bilingualism was adopted.
- The states were to adopt a three language formula that is study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the Southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi speaking areas and of Hindi along with the regional languages and English in the non-Hindi speaking areas.
Parliament adopted a policy resolution lying down that the public service exams were to be conducted in Hindi and English & in all regional languages with the provision that candidates should have additional knowledge of Hindi or English.
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FAQs on Issue of Official Language of India - Post Independence History for UPSC Mains
| 1. भारत की आधिकारिक भाषा क्या है? |  |
उत्तर. भारत की आधिकारिक भाषा हिंदी और अंग्रेज़ी है।
| 2. क्या भारत में केवल एक ही आधिकारिक भाषा होती है? | |
उत्तर. नहीं, भारत में अनेक आधिकारिक भाषाएं हैं। हिंदी और अंग्रेज़ी के अलावा राज्यों में अपनी-अपनी आधिकारिक भाषाएं होती हैं।
| 3. क्या केवल हिंदी बोलने वाले भारतीयों को UPSC परीक्षा में ही भाग लेने की अनुमति है? | |
उत्तर. नहीं, UPSC परीक्षा में हिंदी के साथ-साथ अंग्रेज़ी में भी भाग लिया जा सकता है। विद्यार्थी अपनी पसंद के अनुसार परीक्षा में दोनों भाषाओं में उत्तर दे सकते हैं।
| 4. UPSC परीक्षा में आधिकारिक भाषा का महत्व क्या है? | |
उत्तर. UPSC परीक्षा में आधिकारिक भाषा का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान होता है क्योंकि इसके माध्यम से अभ्यर्थी अपने विचारों को स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त कर सकते हैं। यह उनकी समझदारी और भाषाई कौशल को मापने का एक माध्यम भी होता है।
| 5. भारत की आधिकारिक भाषा बनाने की संभावना क्या है? | |
उत्तर. भारत की आधिकारिक भाषा को बदलने की संभावना बहुत कम है। हिंदी और अंग्रेज़ी के अलावा और भाषाओं को भी सम्मान दिया जाता है और उनका उपयोग किया जाता है। इसलिए, आधिकारिक भाषा को बदलने के लिए समुचित संविधानिक संशोधन और सामरिक प्रयास आवश्यक होंगे।
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