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Introduction

McMahon Line is the effective boundary between China and India and the line is named after Sir Henry McMahon, foreign secretary of the British-run Government of India and the chief negotiator of the convention at Simla.
McMahon Line - UPSC

  • When was McMahon Line drawn?
  • Where is the McMahon Line?
  • Who was McMahon?

What is McMahon Line?

  • The McMahon Line got its significance when Indian and Tibet signed a convention at Shimla on 3rd July 1914.

Where is McMahon Line?

  • The boundary extends for 550 miles (890 km) covering parts from Bhutan in the west to 160 miles (260 km) east i.e the Brahmaputra River. It largely covers the crest of the Himalayas.

As per facts, Shimla (along with the McMahon Line) was initially rejected by the Government of India as incompatible with the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention.

Interesting Facts about McMahon Line

  • The McMahon Line was a negotiation between India and Tibet without the participation of the Chinese government.
  • China considers the McMahon Line illegal and unacceptable claiming that Tibetan representatives who had signed the 1914 Convention held in Shimla which delineated the McMahon line on the map were not having the right to do so.
  • China government assert that the Chinese delegate Ivan Chan was not an authorized member during the McMahon line negotiation.
  • The last Indian village – Bishing, is closest to the McMahon Line, and it demarcates the boundary between China’s Tibet region and Arunachal Pradesh. The Memba tribe which has a population of 100 stays in that village.
  • The Tawang region of Arunachal Pradesh was earlier known as South Tibet before the demarcation.
  • In 1950, Tibet lost its status as an independent territory and India took control over Tawang.
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FAQs on McMahon Line - UPSC

1. What is the McMahon Line and why is it significant?
Ans. The McMahon Line is a boundary line between India and China in the eastern sector of the Himalayas. It was proposed by British colonial administrator Sir Henry McMahon in 1914 as part of the Simla Accord. The line is significant because it serves as the de facto border between the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Chinese-controlled region of Tibet. However, China does not recognize the McMahon Line and claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory.
2. How was the McMahon Line determined and agreed upon?
Ans. The McMahon Line was determined and agreed upon during the Simla Conference of 1914. The conference was attended by representatives of British India, Tibet, and China. Sir Henry McMahon, the British representative, proposed the line as the border between British India and Tibet. Although the Tibetan and British representatives agreed to the line, the Chinese representative, Ivan Chen, did not sign the agreement. Despite this, the British proceeded to implement the McMahon Line as the boundary.
3. What are the ongoing disputes and tensions surrounding the McMahon Line?
Ans. The McMahon Line has been a source of ongoing disputes and tensions between India and China. China claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory and rejects the legitimacy of the McMahon Line. The two countries have engaged in military clashes and border skirmishes in the region, most notably during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The disputed border has also been a topic of diplomatic negotiations and talks between the two countries.
4. How does the McMahon Line impact the local population and their daily lives?
Ans. The McMahon Line impacts the local population living in the areas along the border. Due to the disputed nature of the boundary, there are restrictions on movement and trade between the Indian and Chinese-controlled regions. This has implications for the daily lives of the local population, including limitations on cross-border interactions, economic opportunities, and access to resources. The presence of military forces and periodic border tensions also create an atmosphere of uncertainty and insecurity for the local population.
5. What are the potential implications and future prospects regarding the McMahon Line dispute?
Ans. The McMahon Line dispute has significant implications for the bilateral relations between India and China. The unresolved border issue continues to be a source of tension and can potentially escalate into larger conflicts. Both countries have engaged in diplomatic negotiations and talks to find a mutually acceptable solution. The future prospects of resolving the dispute remain uncertain, as it involves complex historical, political, and territorial considerations. However, peaceful resolution and constructive dialogue are crucial for maintaining stability in the region.
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