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Oscilloscopes

  • A device called an oscilloscope is used to show how the potential difference generated in the coil changes over time
  • It will produce a line, called a trace, on a screen
  • The vertical axis of the trace is the generated potential difference
    • The higher the line, the greater the amount of potential difference induced
  • The horizontal axis of the trace is time
    • This allows the variation in potential difference against time to be shown

Trace of generated potential difference against time on an oscilloscopeTrace of generated potential difference against time on an oscilloscope

Alternating Potential Difference Trace on an Oscilloscope

  • An alternator consists of a rotating magnet next to (or inside) a coil

Alternating potential difference trace showing the position of the magnet relative to the coilAlternating potential difference trace showing the position of the magnet relative to the coil

  • When the magnet is in position 1 the magnetic field lines of the magnet do not cut the coil
    • This means that there is no potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the magnet is in position 2 the magnetic field lines of the magnet are at 90o to the coil
    • This means that there will be maximum potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the magnet is in position 3 the magnetic field lines of the magnet do not cut the coil
    • This means that there is no potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the magnet is in position 4 the magnetic field lines of the magnet are at 90o to the coil
    • This means that there will be maximum potential difference induced in the coil
    • As the poles of the magnet are reversed compared to position 2 the induced potential difference will also be in the opposite direction compared to position 2
    • This means that the trace is negative

Direct Potential Difference Trace on an Oscilloscope

  • A dynamo consists of a coil, which is rotated by a mechanical process, inside a magnetic field

Graphs of Potential Difference in the Coil | Physics for Grade 10

Direct potential difference trace showing the position of the coil relative to the magnetic field

  • When the coil is in position 1 the magnetic field lines of the magnet do not cut the coil
    • This means that there is no potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the coil  is in position 2 the magnetic field lines of the magnet are at 90o to the coil
    • This means that there will be maximum potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the coil is in position 3 the magnetic field lines of the magnet do not cut the coil
    • This means that there is no potential difference induced in the coil
  • When the coil is in position 4 the magnetic field lines of the magnet are at 90o to the coil
    • This means that there will be maximum potential difference induced in the coil
    • The trace will remain positive because there has been no change to the direction of the magnetic field
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