List of Important Biology Terms & Definitions | Lucent for GK - UPSC PDF Download

Botany: Exploring the Realm of Plants

Botany is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of plants. Often referred to as the "Father of Botany," Theophrastus made significant contributions to this field. From plant anatomy to their growth patterns and reproduction, botany covers various aspects of the plant kingdom.

Zoology: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Animal Kingdom

Zoology, also known as animal biology, delves into the study of animals. Aristotle, considered the "Father of Zoology" and biology itself, laid the foundation for understanding the fascinating world of animals. Zoologists explore diverse aspects, including animal anatomy, behavior, and classification.

Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions:

• Anatomy: The study of the internal structure of organisms.
• Agrology: A specialized branch of soil science that focuses on crop production.
• Agronomy: The science of soil management and crop production.
• Agrostology: The study of grasses.
• Arthrology: The study of joints.
• Apiculture: The rearing of honey bees for honey production.
• Anthropology: The study of the origin, development, and relationships between past and present human cultures.
• Anthology: The study of flowers and flowering plants.
• Angiology: The study of the blood vascular system, including arteries and veins.
• Andrology: The study of male reproductive organs.
• Bryology: The study of bryophytes, including mosses and liverworts.
• Biometrics: The statistical study of biological problems.
• Biomedical Engineering: The production and design of artificial body parts to overcome various human defects, such as artificial limbs, pacemakers, and iron lungs.
• Biotechnology: Technology associated with the manipulation of living organisms on a molecular level.
• Bacteriology: The study of bacteria.
• Cytology: The study of cells.
• Cryobiology: The study of the effects of low temperatures on organisms and their preservation.
• Clone: Genetically identical individuals within a population.
• Cardiology: The study of the heart.
• Demography: The study of populations.
• Diffusion: The random movement of molecules, ions, or gases from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration.
• Dermatology: The study of the skin.
• Dendrochronology: The counting and analysis of annual growth rings in trees to determine their age.
• Ecology: The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environment.
• Evolution: The study of the origin of life, variations within species, and the formation of new species.
• Embryology: The study of fertilization and the development of zygotes.
• Eugenics: The study of factors related to race improvement.
• Euthenics: The treatment of hereditary defects through genetic engineering.
• Ethnology: The study of different human races.
• Ethology: The study of animal behavior.
• Etiology: The study of the life cycle of pathogens.
• Entomology: The study of insects.
• Exobiology: The study of the possibility of life in space.
• Floriculture: The cultivation of plants for their flowers.
• Food Technology: The scientific processing, preservation, storage, and transportation of food.
• Forensic Science: The application of science for the identification of various facts in civilian contexts.
• Fishery: The practice of catching, breeding, rearing, and marketing fishes.
• Forestry: The development and management of forests.
• Fermentation: The process of incomplete oxidation that occurs in microbes and other cells in the absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl alcohol.
• Genetics: The study of variation and the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
• Growth: The permanent increase in the weight, volume, or size of an organism.
• Gynecology: The study of female reproductive organs.
• Gerontology: The study of aging.
• Gastroenterology: The study of the alimentary canal, including the stomach, intestines, and associated diseases.
• Hypertonic: Refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.
• Hypotonic: Refers to a solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.
• Homeothermic: Animals that maintain a constant body temperature, also known as warm-blooded animals.
• Histology: The study of tissues using a microscope.
• Hygiene: The science of taking care of health.
• Hydroponics: The study of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water.
• Haematology: The study of blood.
• Hepatology: The study of the liver.
• Ichthyology: The study of fishes.
• Immunology: The study of the body's immunity or resistance to diseases.
• Kalology: The study of human beauty.
• Metazoans: Multicellular animals collectively referred to as metazoans.
• Monoecious: Refers to plants that have both male and female flowers.
• Morphology: The study of external structure.
• Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, and protozoa.
• Molecular Biology: The study of molecules found in living organisms.
• Medicine: The study of treating diseases using drugs.
• Mammography: A branch of science that deals with the testing and diagnosis of breast cancer.
• Mycology: The study of fungi.
• Nutrients: Chemical substances necessary for various functions, growth, and overall health of living organisms, acquired through food.
• Neurology: The study of the nervous system.
• Neonatology: The study of newborns.
• Nephrology: The study of kidneys.
• Osmosis: The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Odontology: The study of teeth and gums.
• Osteology: The study of bones.
• Oncology: The study of cancer and tumors.
• Obstetrics: The branch of science concerned with the care of pregnant women before, during, and after childbirth.
• Ornithology: The study of birds.
• Ophthalmology: The study of eyes.
• Orthopaedics: The diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the locomotory system.
• Phytoplankton: Microscopic organisms that passively float on the surface of water.
• Parasite: An organism that depends on another organism for its food and shelter.
• Poikilothermic: Organisms that change their body temperature according to their surroundings, also known as cold-blooded animals.
• Pigment: A substance that absorbs light of certain wavelengths, such as chlorophyll in green leaves.
• Paleontology: The study of the functions of various organism systems.
• Pathology: The study of diseases, their effects, causative agents, and pathogen transmission.
• Pomology: The study of fruits and fruit-bearing plants.
• Psychiatry: The treatment of mental diseases.
• Psychology: The study of the human mind and behavior.
• Pisciculture: The rearing of fishes.
• Phycology: The study of algae.
• Paediatrics: The branch of medicine dealing with children.
• Parasitology: The study of parasites.
• Photobiology: The study of the effects of light on various biological processes.
• Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of organisms.
• Physiotherapy: The treatment of bodily defects through massage and exercise.
• Radiology: The science dealing with the effects of radiation on living beings.
• Rhinology: The study of the nose and olfactory organs.
• Sonography: The study of ultrasound imaging.
• Saurology: The study of lizards.
• Serology: The study of serum and the interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood.
• Sphygmology: The study of pulse and arterial pressure.
• Taxonomy: The study of the classification, nomenclature, and identification of organisms.
• Telepathy: The communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another without the normal use of senses, also known as mental contact.
• Veterinary Science: The science of animal healthcare and treatment.