Plant tissues are of two types:
(i) Meristematic tissues
(ii) Permanent tissues
Meristematic tissues can be classified on the basis of their position into:
(i) Apical Meristem (root and shoot apex) occurs at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root.Longitudinal section of shoot apex showing location of meristem and young leaves(ii) Lateral Meristem (cambium, cork cambium) occurs on the sides both in stem and root. It is exclusively present in dicot plants where it increases the girth of stem and root.
It is of two main types - Vascular and Cork cambium.
(iii) Intercalary Meristem (internodes) is present at the base of leaves and internodes. It increases the length between the two nodes. It is usually found in monocot plants.
1. Simple Permanent Tissues
A simple tissue is a group of one type of cells which perform the same function.
Simple tissue is classified into three main types:
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
Protective tissues constitute an outermost layer of stem, roots, leaves, flowers and fruits. It provides protection against environmental factors and pathogens.
It is of two types namely:
(a) Cork
(b) Epidermis
Transpiration is the process of loss of excess water in the form of vapours through stomata.
2. Complex Permanent Tissues
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a common function.
Complex tissue is classified into two main types:
(a) Xylem
(b) Phloem
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