Hockey: History & the World Cup | Lucent for GK - UPSC PDF Download

Hockey and its Origins: Tracing the Game's Ancient Roots

Hockey, a game cherished by millions worldwide, can trace its roots back to ancient times. Historical accounts suggest that variations of the game were played in different civilizations, with records of primitive versions in Egypt 4,500 years ago, Ethiopia around 1,000 BC, and Iran around 2,000 BC. The Romans, Greeks, and Aztecs also engaged in similar games several centuries before Christopher Columbus discovered the New World.

The modern form of hockey, as we know it today, emerged in England during the mid-18th century, largely influenced by the development of public institutions like Eton. In 1876, the first Hockey Association was established in the UK, laying down the game's initial official regulations. Though the original association lasted only six years, it was later revived in 1886 by nine founding member clubs.

Hockey and the Olympics: A Tale of Triumphs and Challenges

Hockey's journey to the Olympic stage has been one filled with both achievements and setbacks. In 1908, the sport made its debut at the London Games with separate competitions for England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. Subsequent Olympic Games saw hockey's presence fluctuate, with moments of exclusion and reinstatement based on host nations' preferences for "optional sports."

The turning point for hockey came in 1924 when the visionary Paul Léautey established the Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon (FIH) in response to the sport's exclusion from the Paris Games. Over the years, the FIH expanded its reach, embracing both men's and women's hockey, and eventually merged with the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations in 1982.

The Essence of Field Hockey: Rules and Gameplay

Field hockey, played on grass, watered turf, artificial turf, synthetic surfaces, or indoor boarded floors, involves two teams of ten outfield players and a goalie competing to score goals using hockey sticks. The players must skillfully navigate the ball into the opposing team's goal within specific areas, known as the "striking circle."

To maintain the integrity of the game, field hockey has strict rules in place. Players are only allowed to use the flat side of their sticks to strike the ball, and using any body part, except for the goaltender, to control the ball is prohibited. Goals can be scored through field goals, penalty corners, or penalty shots. Additionally, hockey is a no-contact sport, ensuring fair play and sportsmanship.

Hockey's Heartbeat in India: A Legacy of Excellence

India's love affair with hockey dates back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the British introduced a form of modern-day field hockey as a popular school game. The sport found its way into the Indian army during British rule in the 1850s, and the first hockey club in India was established in Kolkata in 1855.

With vast playing fields and easy accessibility, hockey rapidly gained popularity among children and young adults. The establishment of national tournaments like the Beighton Cup in Calcutta and the Aga Khan tournament in Bombay (now Mumbai) further fueled the sport's growth, particularly in Bombay and Punjab.

In 1925, one year after the FIH's inception, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was formed, leading to India's participation in the 1928 Olympics. This marked the beginning of a remarkable legacy, crowned with eight Olympic gold medals—an achievement that remains unparalleled to this day.

A Legendary Icon: Major Dhyan Chand

When speaking of Indian hockey's golden era, one cannot overlook the greatness of Major Dhyan Chand. This exceptional field hockey player, born on August 29, 1905, left an indelible mark on the sport. Renowned for his unparalleled ball handling and goal-scoring prowess, Dhyan Chand led British India to victory in seven out of eight Olympics between 1928 and 1964.

His legacy transcends borders, with Dhyan Chand being celebrated as one of the sport's all-time greats both in India and internationally. In honor of his contributions, India commemorates his birthday as National Sports Day. This day is marked by the President of India conferring prestigious sports-related honors such as the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, and Dronacharya Award.

The 2023 Men's Hockey World Cup: A Spectacle of Talent and Passion

As January 13 approaches, the world awaits the start of the 2023 Men's Hockey World Cup with bated breath. With reigning champions Argentina and South Africa set to kick off the tournament at Bhubaneswar's Kalinga Stadium, hockey enthusiasts are in for a treat.

Moreover, Rourkela's Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium, making its debut as a World Cup co-hosting facility, adds an extra layer of excitement to the event. The stadium complex, boasting a seating capacity of 20,000 and a pioneering World Cup Village, promises a remarkable experience for players and fans alike.

India's hockey journey has been nothing short of inspiring, and their impressive bronze medal win at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics showcases the team's continued commitment to excellence.