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Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Question Answers - Heredity and Evolution

Q1:What is heredity?

Ans: The inheritance of characters (or trails) from the parents to their offsprings is called heredity.

Q2: What is evolution?
Ans: Gradual change in species over time.

Q3: What is the phenotypic ratio obtained in F2 Progeny of Mendel's dihybrid cross ?
Ans: Phenotypic ratio : 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Q3: What is the phenotypic and geneotypic ratio if tall to dwarf in F2 progeny of Mendel's monohybrid cross?
Ans: The phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a monohybrid cross are 3:1 and 1:2:1, respectively.

Q4: Why did Mendel choose garden pea for his experiments ? Write two reasons.
Ans: Mendel choose garden pea for his experiments because It was easy to grow and it shows some clear contrasting traits. Also, pea plants are self pollinating and many generation of pea plants can be produced in comparatively less time.

Q6: Describe role of genes?
Ans: Gene is the functional unit of heredity. Every gene controls one or several particular characteristic features in living organisms.

Q7: What do you mean by expression of genes ?
Ans: Genes control the expression of a trait or a character in an organism. Genes produces proteins. The proteins act as enzymes which can directly control a character.

Q8: What is the role of sex chromosome ?
Ans: Determination of sex of the organism.

Q9: Which parent has influence on sex outcome of offspring ?
Ans: Male parent (mother always contributes an X chromosome to the child. If the father provides an X chromosome, the resulting XX pair will produce a girl. If the father provides a Y chromosome, the resulting XY pair will produce a boy.)

Q10: What is the total number of chromosomes in humans ?
Ans: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Q11:Who's called the " father of modern genetics " ?
Ans: Gregor Mendel

Q12: Define variations.
Ans: Variations are the differences present between the individuals of the same species or different species

Q13: What is the importance of genetic variation?
Ans: Enhances species' survival chances.

Q14:Define genetics.
Ans: Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation.

Q15: What are inherited traits ?
Ans: The traits that are inherited from the parents are called inherited characters. These traits always get transferred to the next generation.

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FAQs on Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Question Answers - Heredity and Evolution

1. What is heredity and how does it affect traits in organisms?

Ans.Heredity is the process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring through genes. It affects traits such as eye color, height, and the presence of certain diseases, as these traits are determined by the genetic information inherited from both parents.

2. What is the role of DNA in heredity?

Ans.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms. It is the molecule that encodes the instructions for building proteins, which are crucial for expressing traits and functions in an organism.

3. How do mutations contribute to evolution?

Ans.Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits in an organism. If these traits provide an advantage in a given environment, they may be passed on to future generations through natural selection, contributing to the process of evolution over time.

4. What is natural selection and how does it influence evolution?

Ans.Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing. This leads to the gradual evolution of species as advantageous traits become more common in a population.

5. Can acquired characteristics be inherited?

Ans.No, acquired characteristics, which are traits gained during an organism's life (like muscle growth from exercise), cannot be inherited. Only genetic traits passed through genes from parents to offspring can be inherited, according to the principles of heredity.

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