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Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

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Q1: An acid turns blue litmus paper _____.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: An acid turns blue litmus paper red. This change in color indicates the presence of acidic properties in the substance.

Q2: The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is _____.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. It is a strong diprotic acid commonly used in industrial processes.

Q3: Bases that are soluble in water are called _____.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis. Alkalis are hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals that readily dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) responsible for their basic nature.

Q4: The reaction between an acid and a base is called _____.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. In this reaction, an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water, effectively neutralizing their acidic and basic properties.

Q6: Litmus solution is _____.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Litmus solution is a natural indicator. It is extracted from lichens and changes color to indicate the acidic or basic nature of a solution.

Short Answer Questions
Q6: Define pH scale.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

Q7: Give an example of a strong acid and a weak acid.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an example of a strong acid, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is an example of a weak acid.

Q8: What is the role of indicators in acid-base titrations?

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Indicators are substances that change color to indicate the pH of a solution. In acid-base titrations, indicators help detect the endpoint of the reaction, where the amount of acid and base are stoichiometrically equivalent.

Q9: Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas. 
For example, 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2.

Q10: How do antacids provide relief from acidity?

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Antacids are basic substances that neutralize excess stomach acid. They react with stomach acid, forming salt and water, thus reducing the acidic environment and providing relief from acidity.

Long Answers Questions
Q11: Explain the difference between acids and bases based on their chemical properties.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They turn blue litmus paper red, have a sour taste, and react with metals to release hydrogen gas. Bases, on the other hand, release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. They turn red litmus paper blue, have a bitter taste, and feel slippery. Acids and bases neutralize each other to form salt and water.

Q12: Describe the process of neutralization with an example.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of salt and water. For instance, when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride (salt) and water are produced: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.

Q13: Explain the concept of the pH scale and its significance.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Lower pH values indicate higher acidity, higher pH values indicate alkalinity, and pH 7 is neutral. The scale is logarithmic, meaning each unit change represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. It's crucial for understanding the acidic or basic nature of substances and their impact on living organisms.

Q14: How are salts formed? Provide an example.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: Salts are formed through the neutralization reaction between acids and bases. The hydrogen ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to create the salt. For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

Q15: Explain the importance of pH regulation in everyday life.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and SaltsView Answer  Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

Ans: pH regulation is crucial for various processes in everyday life. In the body, maintaining the correct pH is essential for enzymatic activity, cellular function, and overall health. In agriculture, soil pH affects plant growth and nutrient availability. Industries control pH to optimize processes, such as in water treatment. pH regulation ensures optimal conditions for biological and chemical systems to function efficiently.

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FAQs on Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Practice Question Answers - Acids, Bases and Salts

1. What are acids and how do they differ from bases?
Ans. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, resulting in a sour taste and a pH less than 7. Bases, on the other hand, are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution, often having a bitter taste and a pH greater than 7. The key difference lies in their pH levels and the ions they produce in solution.
2. What are some common examples of acids and bases found in everyday life?
Ans. Common examples of acids include citric acid (found in citrus fruits), acetic acid (vinegar), and hydrochloric acid (stomach acid). Common bases include sodium hydroxide (found in drain cleaners), and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). These substances are prevalent in our daily lives and have various applications in cooking, cleaning, and digestion.
3. How do indicators work in determining whether a substance is an acid or a base?
Ans. Indicators are substances that change color depending on the pH of the solution they are in. For instance, litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions (pH < 7)="" and="" blue="" in="" basic="" solutions="" (ph=""> 7). Other indicators, such as phenolphthalein, change color at specific pH levels, helping to identify whether a substance is an acid or a base.
4. What are salts, and how are they formed?
Ans. Salts are ionic compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base, a process known as neutralization. During this reaction, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the base to form water, while the remaining ions form the salt. For example, when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride (table salt) and water are produced.
5. Why is it important to understand the properties of acids, bases, and salts?
Ans. Understanding the properties of acids, bases, and salts is crucial because they play significant roles in various chemical reactions and processes in daily life, industry, and biological systems. Knowledge of their behavior helps in applications such as cooking, cleaning, medicine, and environmental science, and is fundamental in fields such as chemistry and biology.
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