Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Science Class 10 > Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts | Science Class 10 PDF Download
Acids
Acids are substances that can donate protons (H+) or accept electron pairs.
- Acids have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper red.
- Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Acetic acid (CH3COOH).
Bases
Bases are substances that can accept protons (H+) or donate electron pairs.- Bases have a bitter taste and turn red litmus paper blue.
- Examples: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], Potassium hydroxide (KOH), and Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
Salt
A compound formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.- Hydrogen Ion (H+): Positively charged ion formed when an acid dissociates in water.
- Hydroxide Ion (OH-): A negatively charged ion formed when a base dissolves in water.
Neutralization Reaction
- A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.
- General equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
- pH values range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 indicating acidity, and values above 7 indicating basicity.
Litmus Paper: Litmus paper is a natural indicator that turns red in the presence of acids and blue in the presence of bases.
Olfactory Indicators: Olfactory indicators are substances whose odor changes in acidic or basic media. Examples: Vanilla, Onion, Clove.
Reaction of acids and bases with metals
Acids, in general, react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Bases, in general, do not react with metals and do not produce hydrogen gas.
1. Acid + active metal → salt + hydrogen + heat
2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2 (↑)
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium → Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen
2. Base + metal → salt + hydrogen + heat
2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2 (↑)
Sodium hydroxide + Zinc → Sodium zincate + Hydrogen
A more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal from its base.
2Na + Mg (OH)2 → 2NaOH + Mg
Sodium + Magnesium hydroxide → Sodium hydroxide + Magnesium
Reaction of acids with metal carbonates and bicarbonates
Acid + metal carbonate or bicarbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide.
2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
H2SO4 + Mg (HCO3)2 → MgSO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
Effervescence indicates the liberation of CO2 gas.
Reaction of Acid with Base
1. Reaction of metal oxides and hydroxides with acids
Metal oxides or metal hydroxides are basic in nature.
Acid + base → salt + water + heat
H2SO4 + MgO → MgSO4 + H2O
2HCl + Mg (OH)2 → MgCl2 + 2H2O
2. Reaction of non-metal oxides with bases
Non-metal oxides are acidic in nature
Base + Nonmetal oxide → salt + water + heat
2NaOH + CO2→ Na2CO3 + H2O
3. Reaction of acids and base
HCl (strong acid) + NaOH (strong base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
Water of Crystallisation
Fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt.
For Example: CuSO4.5H2O Hydrated Copper Sulphate
Preparation of Bleaching Powder
Preparation – Ca(OH)2(aq)+Cl2(g)→CaOCl2(aq)+H2O(l)
Preparation of Washing Soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate)
a. Limestone is heated: CaCO3→CaO+CO2
b. CO2 is passed through a concentrated solution of sodium chloride and ammonia:
NaCl(aq)+NH3(g)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)→NaHCO3(aq)+NH4Cl(aq)
Equations:
The document Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts | Science Class 10 is a part of the Class 10 Course Science Class 10.
All you need of Class 10 at this link: Class 10
|
85 videos|437 docs|75 tests
|
FAQs on Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts - Science Class 10
| 1. What are acids and bases, and how do they differ? |  |
Ans. Acids are substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution, while bases are substances that accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻). The main difference lies in their properties: acids taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH less than 7, whereas bases taste bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, and have a pH greater than 7.
| 2. What is the pH scale and what does it represent? | |
Ans. The pH scale is a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH of 7 is considered neutral (pure water), below 7 indicates acidity (more H⁺ ions), and above 7 indicates basicity (more OH⁻ ions).
| 3. Can you explain what salts are and how they are formed? | |
Ans. Salts are ionic compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base. This neutralization reaction produces water and a salt. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.
| 4. What are some common examples of acids, bases, and salts? | |
Ans. Common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and acetic acid (CH₃COOH). Common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Common salts include sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄).
| 5. How can you identify whether a substance is an acid or a base using litmus paper? | |
Ans. You can identify an acid or a base using litmus paper by dipping a strip of red litmus paper into the substance; if it turns blue, the substance is a base. Conversely, if blue litmus paper turns red when dipped into the substance, it indicates that the substance is an acid.
Related Exams
About this Document
|
1.7K Views |
|
4.87/5 Rating |
|
Dec 22, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts for Class 10 2024 is part of Science Class 10 preparation.
The notes and questions for Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts have been prepared according to the Class 10 exam syllabus. Information about Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts covers topics
like Equations: and Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Example, for Class 10 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts.
Introduction of Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts in English is available as part of our Science Class 10
for Class 10 & Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts in Hindi for Science Class 10 course.
Download more important topics related with notes, lectures and mock test series for Class 10
Exam by signing up for free. Class 10: Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts | Science Class 10
Description
Full syllabus notes, lecture & questions for Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts | Science Class 10 - Class 10 | Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Science Class 10 | Best notes, free PDF download
Information about Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts
In this doc you can find the meaning of Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides explaining types of
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts tests, examples and also practice Class 10
tests
|
Explore Courses for Class 10 exam
|
|
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
Related Searches
Free
,Sample Paper
,study material
,Previous Year Questions with Solutions
,Bases and Salts | Science Class 10
,Extra Questions
,Important Equations and Definitions: Acids
,Important Equations and Definitions: Acids
,Semester Notes
,practice quizzes
,Bases and Salts | Science Class 10
,MCQs
,Exam
,Important questions
,video lectures
,Summary
,Objective type Questions
,past year papers
,shortcuts and tricks
,Bases and Salts | Science Class 10
,Viva Questions
,mock tests for examination
,Important Equations and Definitions: Acids
,ppt
;
Additional Information about Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts for Class 10 Preparation
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Free PDF Download
The Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the Class 10 exam.
These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective.
With the help of these notes, you can grasp complex subjects quickly, revise important points easily,
and reinforce your understanding of key concepts. The study notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner,
allowing you to optimize your learning process. Whether you're looking for best-recommended books, sample papers, study material,
or toppers' notes, this PDF has got you covered. Download the Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts now and kickstart your journey towards success in the Class 10 exam.
Importance of Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts
The importance of Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts cannot be overstated, especially for Class 10 aspirants.
This document holds the key to success in the Class 10 exam.
It offers a detailed understanding of the concept, providing invaluable insights into the topic.
By knowing the concepts well in advance, students can plan their preparation effectively.
Utilize this indispensable guide for a well-rounded preparation and achieve your desired results.
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Notes
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Notes offer in-depth insights into the specific topic to help you master it with ease.
This comprehensive document covers all aspects related to Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts.
It includes detailed information about the exam syllabus, recommended books, and study materials for a well-rounded preparation.
Practice papers and question papers enable you to assess your progress effectively.
Additionally, the paper analysis provides valuable tips for tackling the exam strategically.
Access to Toppers' notes gives you an edge in understanding complex concepts.
Whether you're a beginner or aiming for advanced proficiency, Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Notes on EduRev are your ultimate resource for success.
Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Questions
The "Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Questions" guide is a valuable resource for all aspiring students preparing for the
Class 10 exam. It focuses on providing a wide range of practice questions to help students gauge
their understanding of the exam topics. These questions cover the entire syllabus, ensuring comprehensive preparation.
The guide includes previous years' question papers for students to familiarize themselves with the exam's format and difficulty level.
Additionally, it offers subject-specific question banks, allowing students to focus on weak areas and improve their performance.
Study Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts on the App
Students of Class 10 can study Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts alongwith tests & analysis from the EduRev app,
which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts,
students can also utilize the EduRev App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc.
The EduRev App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want.
The content of Important Equations and Definitions: Acids, Bases and Salts is prepared as per the latest Class 10 syllabus.
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
|
Signup to see your scores
go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup